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HISTOPATH > STAINING > Flashcards

STAINING Flashcards

1
Q

increased affinity to basic stains

A

nucleus (acidic)

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2
Q

increased affinity to acidic stains

A

cytoplasm (alkaline)

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3
Q

for H and E

deparaffinize sections in ____, then rehydrate sections in ________ prior to actual staining

A

xylene; absolute and 95% alcohol

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4
Q

direct interaction with a dye or staining solution

A

histologic staining

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5
Q

study of the tissue constituents through their chemical reactions

A

histochemical staining

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6
Q

perl’s prussian blue reacts to

A

iron

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7
Q

periodic acid schiff staining for ___

A

glycogen

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8
Q

tissues required for enzyme histochemistry

A
  • frozen sections
  • tissues fixed in 4% formalin/formol saline
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9
Q

preferred specimen for enzyme histochemistry

A

frozen sections

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10
Q

types of enzymes used in enzyme histochemistry

A

oxidases, peroxidases, dehydrogenases, diaphorases, hydrolases, lyases

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11
Q

antibodies in detects ______ in immunohistochemical staining

A

phenotypic markers (tissue antigens)

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12
Q

uses aqueous or alcoholic dye solutions (e.g. methylene blue, eosin) to produce a color

A

direct staining

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13
Q

uses a mordant or another agent to intensify the action of the dye used

A

indirect staining

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14
Q

serves as a link/bridge between the tissue and the dye

A

mordant

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15
Q

hastens the staining reaction by increasing staining power &selectivity of dye

A

accentuator

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16
Q

tissue elements are stained in definite sequence

A

progressive (pag may progress, may sinusundan BASTA HAHA)

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17
Q

no decolorizer is applied; distinction of tissue detail relies solely on the selective affinity of the dye for various cellular elements

A

progressive staining

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18
Q

overstaining is done; excess stain is removed or decolorized from unwanted parts of the tissue and until the desired color is obtained

A

regressive staining

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19
Q

coal tar/aniline dyes

A

synthetic dyes

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20
Q

synthetic dyes are derived from

A

hydrocarbon benzene

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21
Q

substances with definite atomic groupings that are capable of producing visible color but not permanent

A

chromophore

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22
Q

simple benzene compounds that contain chromophores

A

chromogens

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23
Q

added to chromogen; alters the property of the chromogen by altering its shade; retain its color in the tissue

A

auxochrome

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24
Q

impart color that is permanent; composed of chromophore and auxochrome

A

dyes

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25
Q

coloring substance found in the acid component; basic cell structures have high affinity (picric acid & eosin)

A

acid dyes

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26
Q

found in basic component; acid structures have high affinity (methylene blue)

A

basic dyes

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27
Q

stains the cytoplasm and nucleus simultaneously and differentially; e.g. romanowsky dyes (giemsa stain and wright’s stain)

A

neutral dyes

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28
Q

most commonly used for histologic studies

A

hematoxylin (pH 2.5-2.9)

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29
Q

routinely used in H and E staining

A

aluminum hematoxylin

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30
Q

example of blueing agent

A

scott’s tap water and ammonia water

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31
Q

routinely used in nuclear staining; ripened with mercuric oxide

A

harris hematoxylin

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32
Q

nuclear stain in Pap’s; stains sex chromosomes; addition of glacial acetic acid gives a precise nuclear staining

A

harris hematoxylin

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33
Q

staining method of harris hematoxylin

A

regressive staining

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34
Q

excellent nuclear stain; stains mucin, recommended for bone and cartilage; not for frozen sections

A

ehrlich’s hematoxylin

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35
Q

added in ehrlich’s hematoxylin to slow oxidation and to prolong shelf life of hematoxylin

A

glycein

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36
Q

staining method of ehrlich’s hematoxylin

A

regressive staining

37
Q

chemically ripened with sodium iodate

A

mayer’s hematoxylin

38
Q

uses iron salts as both a mordant and ripening agent

A

iron hematoxylin

39
Q

standard iron hematoxylin

A

heidenhain’s hematoxylin

40
Q

for frozen sections

A

loyez hematoxylin

41
Q

elastic fibers

A

verhoeff hematoxylin

42
Q

for demonstration of granules of endocrine cells of alimentary tact; argryophil cells

A

lead hematoxylin

43
Q

study of spermatogenesis

A

copper hematoxylin

44
Q

red acid; routinely used as a counter stain after hematoxylin and before methylene blue

A

eosin

45
Q

stains connective tissues and cytoplasm differently

A

eosin

46
Q

most commonly used; soluble in water; yellow fluorescence

A

yellow (eosin Y)

47
Q

deep red color

A

eosin B, erythrosyn B

48
Q

soluble in ALCOHOL

A

eosin S, ethyl eosin

49
Q

for connective tissues (collagen fibers)

A

acid fuschin- picric acid (van gieson’s stain)

50
Q

basic acridine fluorochrome; discriminates dead and living cells

A

acridine orange (masson stain)

51
Q

green fluorescence in acridine orange

A

DNA

52
Q

red in acridine orange

A

red

53
Q

for staining of hemoglobin

A

benzidine

54
Q

used as counterstain for gram’s technique, for acid fast, for papanicolau method

A

bismarck brown

55
Q

used for staining diphtheria organisms

A

bismarck brown

56
Q
A
57
Q

used as chromatin stain for fresh materials in smear preparations

A

carmine

58
Q

best known as an indicator; stains elastic tissues, amyloid, myelin

A

congo red

59
Q

stains amyloid in frozen sections, platelets in blood

A

crystal violet

60
Q

used for staining of blood to differentiate WBCs

A

giemsa stain

61
Q

stain used for metallic impregnation

A

gold sublimate

62
Q

OLDEST STAIN

A

IODINE

63
Q

stains microorganisms and fibrin in tissue sections

A

gram’s iodine

64
Q

used as test for glycogen, amyloid, and corpora amylacea

A

lugol’s iodine

65
Q

demonstrating mitochondria during supravital staining

A

janus green B

66
Q

counterstain for Ascaris eggs, RBC, bacterial spores (bacillus and clostridium)

A

malachite green

67
Q

common basic nuclear stain used with eosin

A

methylene blue

68
Q

for demonstration cell granules and vacuoles of phagocytic cells

A

neutral red

69
Q

stains elastic fibers (skin); for dermtological studies

A

orcein

70
Q

demonstrates the fines and most delicate

A

orcein

71
Q

used to stain fats

A

osmium tetroxide

72
Q

counterstain for acid fuschin, connective tissue , cytoplasmic stain in contrast to basic dyes, counterstain for crystal violet

A

picric acid

73
Q

colored salt of ferric ferrocyanide; used for the manufacture of paints; contrast stain, intravital staining of the circulatory system

A

prussian blue

74
Q

used with osmic acid to fix and stain blood and glandular tissues

A

rhodamine B

75
Q

used for identification of spirochetes, reticulum, fiber stains

A

silver nitrate

76
Q

used as nuclear stain in fixed tissue, stain nissl granules or chromophilic bodies

A

toluidin blue

77
Q

demonstrate neuroglia

A

victoria blue

78
Q

property of tissues to be stained with fat or oil solunle dyes

A

sudanophilia

79
Q

oil soluble dyes

A

Sudan Black B, Sudan IV, Sudan III

80
Q

most sensitive of the oil soluble dyes

A

sudan black B

81
Q

sudan black B stains

A

phospholipids and neutral fats

82
Q

color of sudan black B

A

black/blue (sudan BLACK BLUE)

83
Q

most commonly used; stains neutral fats (TAG)

A

Sudan IV

84
Q

color of sudan IV

A

red

85
Q

first sudan dye

A

sudan III

86
Q

stains fat in CNS tissues; less deep, light orange stain

A

sudan III

87
Q

stains neutral fats and lipofuscin

A

oil red O

88
Q

stain for unsaturated fats in frozen section

A

osmic acid

HISTOPATH (17 decks)

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