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HISTOPATH > SECTIONING > Flashcards

SECTIONING Flashcards

1
Q

embedded tissue is trimmed and cut into uniformly thin slices using a microtome

A

sectioning

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2
Q

3 essential parts of microtome

A
  • block holder (aka chuck)
  • knife carrier and knife
  • pawl, ratchet feed wheel and adjustment screws
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3
Q

inventor of rocking microtome

A

paldwell trefall

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4
Q

simplest and most popular type

A

rocking microtome

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5
Q

routinely used microtome

A

rotary microtome

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6
Q

inventor of rotary microtome

A

Minot

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7
Q

for celloidin sections and hard rough tissue blocks

A

sliding microtome

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8
Q

inventor of sliding microtome

A

Adams

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9
Q

two types of sliding microtome

A

base sledge/sledge type and standard sliding

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10
Q

for frozen sections; CO2 is used as a propellant

A

Freezing Microtome

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11
Q

invented by Quackelt

A

freezing microtome

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12
Q

what is inside of a cryostat/cold microtome

A

rotary microtome

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13
Q

microtome primarily for electron microscopy

A

ultrathin microtome

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14
Q

special knife used in ultrathin microtome

A

diamond knife

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15
Q

for enzyme histochem

A

vibratome

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16
Q

very hard material (undecalcified bone); tissue embedded in resins

A

saw microtome

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17
Q

25 mm

A

plane concave

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18
Q

120 mm

A

biconcave knife

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19
Q

knife used for rotary microtome

A

biconcave knife

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20
Q

used for rocking microtomes with a fixed handle

A

Heiffor Knife

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21
Q

100 mm

A

plane wedge

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22
Q

for frozen sections or very hard tissues

A

plane wedge

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23
Q

knives for ultrathin microtome

A

glass and diamond knives

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24
Q

found on the tapered edge of a knife

A

bevel

25
Q

angle formed between the cutting edge

A

bevel angle

26
Q

optimum angle for cutting angle

A

15 degrees

27
Q

angle formed between the surface of the block and the cutting edge of the knife; 0.15 degrees

A

clearance angle

28
Q

angle of the upper surface of the facet and surface of tissue block

A

rake angle

29
Q

angle between the sides of knife

A

wedge angle

30
Q

process of removing nicks (irregularities of knife)

A

Honing

31
Q

movement of Honing

A

from HEEL TO TOE

32
Q

number of strokes per surface

A

10-20 strokes

33
Q

hones for best result

A

belgium yellow

34
Q

hones with polishing effects

A

arkansas

35
Q

hones for badly nicked

A

fine carborundum

36
Q

used for removal of burrs (irregularities of knife formed after honing)

A

stropping

37
Q

movement from top to heel

A

stropping

38
Q

paddle strop is made of

A

hoarse leather

39
Q

rapid diagnosis; for enzyme histochemistry

A

frozen section

40
Q

point in which sections may be cut at 10 um; frozen tissue starts to thaw (warmed with the finger) and becomes invisible to the naked eye

A

dew line

41
Q

used to remove the ribbon that sticks to the knife blade

A

camel hairbrush

42
Q

optimum temp of cryostat

A

-18 to -20C (20C)

43
Q

most rapid method of freezing

A

liquid nitrogen

44
Q

not for muscle; made of fluorinated hydrocarbons

A

aerosol sprays

45
Q

methods of freezing

A
  • liquid nitrogen
  • isopentane
  • aerosol sprays
  • carbon dioxide
  • freon
46
Q

clearing agents used in frozen section

A

glycerin and gum syrup (water soluble)

47
Q

use of synthetic water soluble glycols and resins

A

mounting

48
Q

recommended mounting medium

A

OCT (optimal cutting temperature compound)

49
Q

difficulties due to faulty fixation, dehydration, clearing, embedding

A
  • brittle; hard tissue
  • clearing agent becomes milky
  • soft and mushy tissue
  • tissue becomes opaque
  • very hard tissues; tissue shrinkage
  • air holes on trimmed tissue block
  • moist block that tends to crumble
    tissue block smells like xylene
50
Q

horizontal or parallel lines across the sections

A

chatters

51
Q

most common tissue adhesive

A

mayer’s egg albumin

52
Q

components of mayer’s egg albumin

A
  • egg white
  • glycerol
  • thymol crystals
53
Q

added to increase viscosity and prevent complete drying

A

glycerol

54
Q

used as a general purpose section adhesive

A

poly-L-lysine

55
Q

widely used as an adhesive in immunohistochem

A

poly-L-lysine

56
Q

stops the chemical reaction and diffusion in tissue

A

quenching

57
Q

most time consuming; introduction of heat to cause sublimation of heat; removal of water vapor from surface of specimen

A

drying

58
Q

freezing substitution makes use of ___________

A

rossman’s formula or in 1% acetone and dehydrated in absolute alcohol

HISTOPATH (17 decks)

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