STAINING LAB (2) Flashcards
process of applying dyes on the sections to see and study the
architectural pattern of the tissue and physical characteristics of the
cells
Staining
tissues and cells display varying affinities for most dyes and stains used during the process
Staining
Has greater affinity for basic dyes
Acidic Structure
Has greater affinity for acidic dyes
Basic structures
a related procedure that makes use of heavy metal salts that are selectively precipitated on certain cellular and tissue components
Impregnation
used for silver staining of nervous tissue and demonstration of reticulin
Impregnation
What is the most commonly used reagent in impregnation?
Silver nitrate
What are the three major types of Staining?
- HISTOLOGICAL STAINING
- HISTOCHEMICAL STAINING/HISTOCHEMISTRY
- IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING
tissue constituents are demonstrated in sections by direct interaction with a dye or staining solution
HISTOLOGICAL STAINING
producing coloration of the active tissue component
HISTOLOGICAL STAINING
employed to demonstrate the general relationship of tissues and cells with differentiation of nucleus and cytoplasm
HISTOLOGICAL STAINING
Examples: microanatomic stains, bacterial stains and specific tissue stains
(muscles, CT, and neurologic stains)
HISTOLOGICAL STAINING
tissue constituents are studied through chemical reactions that will permit microscopic localization of a specific tissue substance
HISTOCHEMICAL STAINING/HISTOCHEMISTRY
Examples: Perl’s Prussian blue reaction for hemoglobin, Periodic Acid Schiff staining for carbohydrates
HISTOCHEMICAL STAINING/HISTOCHEMISTRY
active reagent serves as the substrate upon which the enzymes act
Enzyme histochemistry
final opacity of coloration produced from the substrate rather than the tissue
Enzyme histochemistry
combination of immunologic and histochemical techniques that allow phenotypic markers to be detected and demonstrated
IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STAINING
what are the labels that immunohistochemical staining is using
monoclonal/polyclonal, fluorescent-labeled, enzyme-labeled antibodies
What are the methods of staining?
DIRECT STAINING
INDIRECT STAINING
PROGRESSIVE STAINING
REGRESSIVE STAINING
METACHROMATIC STAINING
COUNTERSTAINING
METALLIC IMPREGNATION
VITAL STAINING
process of giving color to the sections by using aqueous or alcoholic dyes
DIRECT STAINING
process whereby action of dye is intensified by adding another reagent which serves as a link/bridge between tissue and dye making staining reaction possible
INDIRECT STAINING
serves as a link/bridge between tissue and dye making staining reaction possible
(MORDANT)
may be applied to tissue before staining or may be included in the staining process, or may be incorporated as part of the dye solution itself
Mordant
not essential to the chemical union of tissue and dye; does not participate in the staining reaction, but merely accelerates or hastens the speed of staining reaction by increasing the staining power and selectivity of the dye
ACCENTUATOR
process whereby tissue elements are stained in a definite sequence, and the staining solution is applied for specific periods of time or until the desired intensity of coloring of the different tissue elements is attained
PROGRESSIVE STAINING
no decolorization or washing after the application of the dye
PROGRESSIVE STAINING
tissue is first over stained to obliterate cellular details, and excess stain is removed or decolorized from unwanted parts of the tissue, until the desired intensity of color is obtained
REGRESSIVE STAINING
selective removal of excess stain from the tissue so that a specific substance may be stained distinctly from surrounding tissues
DIFFERENTIATION/DECOLORIZATION
use of dyes which differentiate particular substances by staining them with a color that is different from that of the stain itself (metachromasia)
METACHROMATIC STAINING
basic dyes belonging to the thiazine and triphenylmethane groups
METACHROMATIC STAINING
stain tissues in color shades that are similar to the color of the dye itself
ORTHOCHROMATIC STAINING
application of a different color or stain to provide contrast and background to the staining of structural components to be demonstrated
COUNTERSTAINING
In the cytoplasmic stains, what is the color of eosin Y, Eosin B, Phloxine B?
Red
In the cytoplasmic stains, what is the color of piciric acid, orange G, Rose Bengal?
Yellow
In the cytoplasmic stains, what is the color of light green SF, Lissamine green?
Green
Under nuclear stains, what is the color of neutral red, safranin 0, carmine, hematoxylin?
Red
Under nuclear stains, what is the color of methylene blue, toluidine blue, Celestine blue?
Blue
process where specific tissue elements are demonstrated, not by stains, but by colorless solutions of metallic salts which are thereby reduced by the tissue, producing an opaque, usually black deposit on the surface of the tissue
METALLIC IMPREGNATION
agent is not absorbed by the tissue, but is held physically on the surface as a precipitate or as a reduction product
METALLIC IMPREGNATION
selective staining of living cell constituents, demonstrating cytoplasmic structures by phagocytosis of the dye particle
VITAL STAINING
done by injecting dye into any part of the body (intravenous, intraperitoneal or subcutaneous), producing specific color
INTRAVITAL STAINING
stain living cells immediately after removal from the living body
SUPRAVITAL STAINING
