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HISTOPATH > INFILTRATION > Flashcards

INFILTRATION Flashcards

1
Q

What is infiltration?

A
  • Removal of clearing agents from the tissue
  • Replacing the clearing agent in a supportive medium
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2
Q

This is the process of completely filling the tissue spaces with a medium with a firm consistency.

A

Impregnation

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3
Q

What would be filled in the impregnation process?

A

Natural cavities
Spaces
Interstices

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4
Q

Under care and selection of waxes, what should be the volume of the medium?

A

25X tissue volume

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5
Q

Under care and selection of waxes, what should be the melting point?

A

56C

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6
Q

This type of tissue requires a higher melting point

A

Hard tissues

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7
Q

What is the type of microtome used under infiltration and impregnation?

A

Fixed-knife microtome

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8
Q

What type of knife is used under fixed-knife microtomes?

A

Heavier knives

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9
Q

This infiltrates support and encloses tissue specimens which provide structural integrity and shape of the tissue.

A

Embedding media

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10
Q

This encloses the tissue specimens for complete protection from the cutting of the tissues without damaging the tissue samples.

A

Embedding media

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11
Q

What should be the characteristic of an embedding media?

A

Must be capable of being converted readily from liquid to solid form.

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12
Q

What is commonly used in crystallization?

A

Paraffin and carbowax

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13
Q

Paraffin and carbowax are used in?

A

Crystallization

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14
Q

What is used in evaporation of the solvent?

A

Celloidin

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15
Q

Celloidin is used in?

A

Evaporation of the solvent

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16
Q

What is used in polymerization?

A

Plastics

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17
Q

Plastics are used in?

A

Polymerization

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18
Q

What are the mechanisms of solidification?

A

Crystallization
Evaporation
Polymerization

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19
Q

Enumerate the types of embedding

A

Paraffin embedding

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20
Q

This type of embedding is the most commonly used in routine tissue processing, and the best embedding medium.

A

Paraffin embedding

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21
Q

Paraffin embedding shrinks about _______ on cooling.

A

10%

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22
Q

Under paraffin embedding, what is the melting point for normal routine work?

A

56-58C

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23
Q

The paraffin oven that would be used under paraffin embedding should be set at what temperature?

A

2-5C higher than the melting point of paraffin wax.

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24
Q

What are the methods of paraffin impregnation?

A

Manual processing
Automatic processing
Vacuum processing

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25
Q

How many changes are done under manual processing? Include the temperature.

A

4 changes at 2-5C higher than the melting point of the wax

26
Q

Under fixation of manual processing, how many hours is needed for 10% NBF?

A

24 HOURS

27
Q

Under clearing of manual processing, how many hours should it take for Xylene or Toluene?

A

1 hour

28
Q

Under impregnation and Embedding of manual processing, how long should it take for the Paraffin wax?

A

Impregnation : 15 minutes
Embedding : 3 hours

29
Q

How often do you change under automatic processing? Include the time.

A

2-3 changes for at least 3C higher than the melting point of the wax.

30
Q

If you are using a wax bath, what should be the temperature?

A

3C higher than the melting point

31
Q

Under automatic processing how long is the processing time of 10%NBF and 70% alcohol and Chlorform?

A

2 hours

32
Q

How long is the processing time of Xylene of Toluene under automatic processing?

A

1 hour

33
Q

How long is the processing time of Benzene 1 and 2 under automatic processing?

A

30 minutes (1)
1 hour (2)

34
Q

What is the negative atmospheric pressure of Vacuum processing?

A

400-500mmHg

35
Q

How often do you change in vacuum processing? Include the time

A

3 changes at 2-4C above the melting point of wax.

36
Q

Where do you apply vacuum processing?

A

Urgent biopsies
Dense biopsies
Delicate biopsies
Fibrous biopsies

37
Q

Vacuum processing is composed of?

A

Flat-bottom heavy brass chamber
2 screw valves

38
Q

Vacuum processing has 2 valves, what is the function of each valve?

A

1st : readmission of air
2nd: Connected to a tube and a suction pump

39
Q

One consideration of the method of paraffin impregnation is:
Paraffin ax must be _____: used only ______.

A

Pure: Twice

40
Q

At what temperature will water remove be removed by heating paraffin?

A

100-105C

41
Q

What are the substitutes for paraffin wax?

A

Paraplast
Ester wax
Water soluble waxes

42
Q

What is the melting point of paraplast?

A

56-57C

43
Q

More elastic and resilient than regular paraffin wax.
It can withstand or it can handle more than the
paraffin wax. It doesn’t crumble during
microtomy or cutting of tissues

A

Paraplast

44
Q

 Better ribboning with ease
 Doesn’t require cooling

A

Paraplast

45
Q

What are the type of paraplast?

A

Embeddol
Bioloid
Tissue mat

46
Q

Synthetic wax used as a substitute for paraplast

Less brittle than paraplast (during sectioning)

A

Embeddol

47
Q

What is the melting point of embeddol?

A

26-58C

48
Q

Semisynthetic wax that is used in impregnating and
embedding eye samples

A

Bioloid

49
Q

Contains rubber (from paraffin)

A

Tissue mat

50
Q

What is the melting point of ester wax?
To which reagent is fixative soluble?

A

46-48C
75 ethyl alcohol

51
Q

Lower melting point but harder than paraffin

A

Ester wax

52
Q

What is the melting point of water soluble waxes?

A

38-42C or 45-56C

53
Q

What is the composition of Water soluble waxes?

A

Polyethylene glycol

54
Q

Does not require dehydration and clearing

Suitable for histochemical and enzyme studies

A

Carbowax

55
Q

What is the common advantage of Carbowax?

A

It does not remove neutral fats and lipids

56
Q

At what temperature is blocking done at carboxy processing?

A

50C

57
Q

Avoid overheating in carboxy processing because it will?

A

Crumby blocks

58
Q

One precaution when doing carboxy processing is that it is highly soluble in water or?

A

Hygroscopic

59
Q

Carbowax cannot float in water because it is hygroscopic, therefore what would be the remedy?

A

Add soap or 10% polyethylene glycol 900 ml in water
bath

Use floating solutions

60
Q

What are the floating solutions used in carboxy processing?

A

Pearse solution
Blank and Mc Carthy solution

61
Q

Mixture of formalin, Diethyl glycol, Distilled
water

A

Pearse solution

62
Q

Containing gelatin and potassium chromate

A

BLANK and MC CARTHY SOLUTION

HISTOPATH (9 decks)

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