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HISTOPATH > LESSON 4: DEHYDRATION > Flashcards

LESSON 4: DEHYDRATION Flashcards

1
Q

Removal of fixative and intercellular and extracellular water from tissues in preparation for infiltration

A

DEHYDRATION

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2
Q

Increasing strengths of the dehydrating agent is used to prevent distortion of tissue structures by diffusion currents (flow of molecules)

A

DEHYDRATION

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3
Q

start with 70% up to 95% or Absolute alcohol

A

NORMAL TISSUES:

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3
Q

start with 30% ethanol up to 70%

A

DELICATE TISSUES

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4
Q

What should be the volume of tissue?

A

10X

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5
Q

High Concentrations: tissues become hard and brittle

Low Concentrations: ____________

A

tissues become macerated

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6
Q

What temperature increases rate of dehydration and used for tissues that require urgent examination

A

37C

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7
Q

Accelerates diffusion of molecules increasing the rate of dehydration

A

Agitation

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8
Q

How much Anhydrous copper sulfate should be place at the bottom of the container to facilitate the removal of water molecules from the dehydrating fluid?

A

1/4

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9
Q

What are the most common alcohol dehydrants?

A

ETHANOL
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
METHANOL
BUTYL ALCOHOL

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10
Q

What dehydrating agent is a Clear, colorless, flammable liquid that is Recommended for routine dehydration?

A

Ethanol

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11
Q

Best dehydrating agent, fast-acting and miscible in water and many organic solvents

A

ETHANOL

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12
Q

What dehydrating agent is being described?

✓ Penetrates tissues easily
✓ Not poisonous, not very expensive
✓ Long Immersion in high concentrations should be avoided

A

Ethanol

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13
Q

Substitute for ethanol and can be used for for blood & tissue films and smear preparations

A

ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL

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14
Q

Also referred to as wood alcohol

A

METHANOL

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15
Q

Toxic dehydrating agent (methanol is converted to formaldehyde and can be further converted to formic acid: both formaldehyde and formic acid are toxic to the body)

A

METHANOL

16
Q

It is a slow acting dehydrating agent that can be used for plants and animals for.

A

Butyl Alcohol

17
Q

This dehydrating agents is recommended for tissues which do not require rapid processing

A

BUTYL ALCOHOL

18
Q

What dehydrating agent is being described?

✓ May be used in combination with ethanol
✓ Used to dehydrate slides after staining

A

Butyl Alcohol

19
Q

✓ cheap, rapid and used for most urgent biopsies
✓ duration: 30 minutes to 2 hours
✓ removes lipids from tissues
✓ penetration is poor and causes brittleness

A

ACETONE

20
Q

Rapid and does not cause any harmful effect on tissues

A

CELLOSOLVE (Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether)

21
Q

How many baths do cellosolve use?

A

4 baths

22
Q

Toxic to the reproductive, fetal, urinary and blood systems and combustible at 110-120C

A

CELLOSOLVE (Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether)

23
Q

based glycol ethers may be used in place of EGME

A

Propylene

24
Q

Excellent dehydrating and clearing agent

A

DIOXANE (Diethylene dioxide)

25
Q

What dehydrating agent is being described?

✓ Sections ribbon poorly
✓ Expensive and extremely dangerous
✓ Vapor tends to accumulate in the body and is highly toxic
✓ Creates explosive peroxides
✓ Removal of water

A

Dioxane

26
Q

uses several changes of pure dioxane

A

Graupner’s Method

27
Q

uses pure dioxane and anhydrous calcium oxide or quicklime to facilitate removal of water

A

Weiseberger’s Method

28
Q

May be used as dehydrating and clearing agent and Can dissolve fats in tissues

A

THF (Tetrahydrofuran)

29
Q

What dehydrating agent is being described?

✓ Vapors cause nausea, dizziness, headache and anesthesia
✓ Skin and eye irritant
✓ Offensive odor; may cause conjunctivitis during prolonged exposure

A

THF (Tetrahydrofuran)

30
Q

May be used to dehydrate sections and smears after staining

A

TRIETHYL PO4

31
Q

added to 95% alcohol to soften tissues

A

4% phenol

32
Q

used to soften hard tissues

A

Glycerol-alcohol mixture and Molliflex

33
Q

What are the 2 additives to dehydrants?

A

4% phenol
Glycerol-alcohol mixture and Molliflex

HISTOPATH (26 decks)

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