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HISTOPATHOLOGY > STAINING > Flashcards

STAINING Flashcards

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1
Q

The process of applying dyes on the sections

A

staining

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2
Q

To see and study the architectural pattern of the
tissue, the physical characteristics of the cells,
and the structural relationship of the tissue and
their cells

A

staining

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3
Q

Nucleus (acidic) attracts what dye

A

basic dye

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4
Q

cytoplasm (basic) attracts what dye

A

acidic dye

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5
Q

Direct interaction between the
composition of the tissues and the stain solution being used in the process

A

Histological Staining

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6
Q

applying dye through a chemical reaction

A

Histochemical Staining

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7
Q

Combination of immunologic and
histochemical techniques allowing to
look for phenotypic markers onto the
tissues

A

Immunohistochemical Staining

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8
Q

special procedures being performed in the histopathology lab, meaning, these are rarely performed compared to
Histological staining

A

Histochemical and Immunohistochemical staining

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9
Q

no other processes involved, sections are stained with simple Aqueous or
Alcoholic Solutions

A

direct staining

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10
Q

Involves the usage of Mordant in order for the stain to interact or stay on the tissue

A

indirect staining

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11
Q

“link or bridge” between tissue and
dye; added with dye (lake)

A

mordant

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12
Q

accelerate the speed of staining

A

accentuator

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13
Q

Follows a definite sequence and the concentration is ALWAYS increasing

A

progressive staining

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14
Q

Tissue is first overstained; decolorized
Decreasing

A

regressive staining

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15
Q

selective removal of excess stain

A

Differentiation/Decolorization

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16
Q

Forms a soluble salt with the metal so that the latter is dissolved out

A

Acid Differentiator

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17
Q

Oxidizes the dye to a colorless substance

A

Oxidizing Differentiator

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18
Q

If the primary stain is basic, the decolorizer is acidic, and vice-versa

A

Mordant Differentiator

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19
Q

acts as a differentiator for both
basic and acidic dye

A

alcohol

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20
Q

Stains tissue with a color that is different from that of the stain itself

A

metachromatic staining

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21
Q

what metachromatic stain is used on mast cells

A

toluidine blue

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22
Q

what metachromatic stain is used on reticulocytes

A

cresyl blue

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23
Q

Application of a different color or stain to provide contrast and background staining

A

counterstaining

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24
Q

stains used in cytoplasmic

A

○ Eosin Y
○ Picric Acid
○ Lissamine Green

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25
Q

stains used in nuclear

A

○ Neutral Red
○ Hematoxylin
○ Safranin O

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26
Q

General relationship of tissues and cells

A

microanatomical staining

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27
Q

structures found in the cytoplasm and nucleus

A

cytoplasmic staining

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28
Q

stain for bacterial morphology

A

negative staining

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29
Q

Demonstration of tissue elements by the use of metallic salts (colorless solutions)

A

metallic impregnation

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30
Q

produce an opaque or black
deposits on the tissue

A

metallic salts

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31
Q

part of the tissue that had bacteria on it

A

black deposits

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32
Q

Selective staining of living cells

A

vital staining

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33
Q

stain for RER

A

trypan blue

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34
Q

stain for mitochondria

A

janus green

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35
Q

Done by injecting the dye into any part of animal body

A

intravital staining

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36
Q

to demonstrate the uterus in the
gravid helminths in parasitology

A

india ink

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37
Q

Stains living cells immediately after removing from the living body

A

supravital staining

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38
Q

two types of stains and staining solutions

A

natural dyes
synthetic dyes

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39
Q

active coloring agent of hematoxylin

A

hematin

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39
Q

Derived from Hematoxylin campechianium
From the heartwood of a mexican tree
Originally found in Campeche, Mexico.
Most valuable stain used

A

hematoxylin

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40
Q

types of hematoxylin

A

Alum Hematoxylin
Iron Hematoxylin
Copper Hematoxylin

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41
Q

Progressive staining
Counterstained with Eosin, Congo Red
Safranin

A

Alum Hematoxylin

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42
Q

For differential or regressive staining

A

Iron Hematoxylin

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43
Q

Used for the process of spermatogenesis

A

Copper Hematoxylin

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44
Q

Derived from female Coccus cacti (Cochineal bug). Widely used a powerful chromatin and nuclear stain

A

conchineal dyes

44
Q

“Coal Tar Dyes”; derived from Hydrocarbon benzene

A

aniline dyes

45
Q

When treated with Alum, will be termed as

A

Carmine

46
Q

dye appears in the tissue

A

Chromophores

46
Q

for Neuropathological studies

A

Carmine w/ Picric Acid

47
Q

for Glycogen Demonstration, considered as the best Carmine stain

A

Carmine w/ Aluminum Chloride

48
Q

Derived from Lichens; a vegetable dye
For staining Elastic Fibers

A

orcen

49
Q

gives color to the dye

A

Chromogens

50
Q

For regressive staining
Cartilage and cement lines of bones: Blue

A

Ehrlich’s Hematoxylin

50
Q

soluble in alcohol but not in water

A

Neutral dye

50
Q

base must be Sodium

A

Acid dye

50
Q

staining time for PTAH

A

12-24 hrs

50
Q

Routine nuclear staining
Exfoliative cytology
Sex chromosomes

A

Harris Hematoxylin

50
Q

staining time for coles Hematoxylin

A

10 mins

50
Q

what color does PTAH produce for Nuclei, fibrin, muscle striations, myofibrils, fibroglia

A

blue

50
Q

based must be HCl

A

Basic dye

50
Q

Mucopolysaccharide
Nuclear staining

A

Mayer’s Hematoxylin

51
Q

staining time for ehrlichs hematoxylin

A

15-40 mins

51
Q

staining time for harris Hematoxylin

A

5-20 mins

51
Q

Routine Purposes
Used in sequence with Celestine Blue

A

Coles Hematoxylin

51
Q

Demonstrating muscle fibers and
connective tissue
Recommended when the preceding stains contain acid

A

Weigert’s Hematoxylin Solutions

51
Q

Demonstrates structure in paraffin,
celloidin, and frozen section

A

Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin (PTAH)

51
Q

Cytological stain recommended for
regressive staining of thin sections
Demonstration of chromatin,
chromosomes, nucleoli, centrosomes, and mitochondria
Voluntary muscle striation and myelin

A

Heidehain’s Hematoxylin

52
Q

what color does PTAH produce for Collagen, bone, cartilage

A

Orange-Red or Brownish Red to Deep Red Stain

52
Q

Staining connective tissue and cytoplasm differentially

A

eosin

53
Q

Basic nuclear stain; diagnosis of
Diphtheria; Fresh sputum; Aerogenes bac

A

methylene blue

53
Q

MB is heated with fixed alkali/alkali
carbonate

A

methyl violet

53
Q

Sub for Thionine in FFT
For Nissl granules

A

toluidine blue

54
Q

Amyloid in FFT; Platelets
For Hematology

A

crystal violet

55
Q

Counterstaining of epithelial sections

A

aniline blue

56
Q

Plasma stain for Acid-fast organism

A

basic fuchsin

57
Q

Ascaris eggs and erythrocyte; Bacterial
spore stain
Both decolorizer and counterstain
Usually for Parasitology

A

malachite green

58
Q

Contrast stain for Gran’s staining

A

bismarck brown

59
Q

Utilized for manufacture of paints

A

prussian blue

60
Q

Acid mucopolysaccharide

A

alcian blue

61
Q

For Embryos

A

congo red

62
Q

For Mitochondria

A

janus green

63
Q

Substitute for Carbole Fuchsin

A

night blue

64
Q

Used to stain lipids or fats

A

lysochromes

65
Q

stain specific for lipids

A

sudan

66
Q

For Phospholipids & Neutral Lipids
0.5% solution boiled in 70% ethanol

A

sudan black

67
Q

For neutral lipids only
2% Benzoic acid in 70% Alcohol

A

sudan IV

68
Q

Fat stain for CNS

A

sudan III

69
Q

Should always be distilled

A

water

70
Q

Ethyl alcohol or Methyl alcohol

A

alcohol

71
Q

10cc added to every 1⁄2 to 1 L of hot
distilled water

A

aniline water

72
Q

Holes 5-9 slides

A

coplin jar

72
Q

Aqueous solution of 0.5-5%

A

phenol

72
Q

To protect the specimen form physical injury

A

mounting of sections

73
Q

Holds 5-19 slides

A

slotted staining dishes

74
Q

Holds 10-30 slides

A

metal/glass staining rack/carries

74
Q

recommended time for mounting

A

10 years

75
Q

RI of good mounting medium

A

1.518

76
Q

for water-miscible preparations

A

aqueous media

76
Q

used when dehydration and clearing
with Xylene cannot be made

A

glycerin jelly

77
Q

RI for glycerin jelly

A

1.47

78
Q

Farrant’s Medium

A

gum arabic

79
Q

RI of gum arabic

A

1.43

80
Q

RI for apathy’s medium

A

1.52

81
Q

Preparations that have been dehydrated and cleared in Xylene and Toluene

A

resinous media

82
Q

RI for canada balsam

A

1.524

83
Q

RI for dpx

A

1.532

84
Q

RI for xam

A

1.520

85
Q

RI for permount

A

1.518

86
Q

RI for clarite

A

1.544

87
Q

Process of sealing the margins of the coverslip to prevent escape of fluid

A

ringing

88
Q

2 parts of paraffin wax mixed with
4-9 parts powdered Colophonium Resin

A

Kronig Cement

HISTOPATHOLOGY (16 decks)

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