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HISTOPATHOLOGY > DECALCIFICATION > Flashcards

DECALCIFICATION Flashcards

trans based

1
Q

removal of calcium and lime salts

A

decalcification

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2
Q

organs that require decalcification

A

bones
tuberculous lungs
arteriosclerotic vessels
teeth
cartilage

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3
Q

characteristics of a good decalcifying agent

A

Do not cause cell destruction
Rapid, cheap, inexpensive
Safe
Readily available

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4
Q

unique characteristics of decalcification

A

stable
easily available
inexpensive
easy to prepare

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5
Q

factors affecting rate of decalcification

A

Concentration
Tissue-to-volume ratio
Temperature
Mechanical agitation
Size and consistency of tissue sample

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6
Q

four types of decalcifying agent

A

acid
chelating agents
ion exchange resin
electrophoresis

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7
Q

it is the most common declacifying agent that is rapid and imparts yellow coloration in the tissue sample

A

nitric acid

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8
Q

remedy of nitric acid

A

urea or sodium thiosulfate/sulfate
70% ROH (alkyl alcohol)

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9
Q

what is the percentage of nitric acid

A

5-10%

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10
Q

variations of nitric acid

A

10% aquoeus nitric acid solution
formol-nitric acid
perenyi’s fluid

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11
Q

it acts as a tissue softener

A

perenyi’s fluid

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12
Q

volume ratio of decalcification reagent

A

1;20

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13
Q

fastest agent in simple or compound chemicals

A

phloroglucinol-nitric acid

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14
Q

good nuclear staining at 1%, slow and causes more distortion compared to nitric acid

A

hydrochloric acid

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15
Q

fluid for teeth and small bones

A

von ebner’s fluid

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16
Q

composition of von ebners fluid

A

hcl + 36% nacl + distilled water

17
Q

routine decalcification of post-mortem research tissues, has a large amount of nitric acid and produces better nuclear staining and less tissue distortion

A

formic acid

18
Q

best for small bone spicules, good nuclear staining, slow and weak

A

trichloroacetic acid

19
Q

best for minute bone spicules

A

chromic acid (flemming’s fluid)

20
Q

best for minute pieces of bone

A

sulfurous acid

21
Q

ph of citric acid citrate buffered solution

A

4.5

22
Q

use of other salts to form complexes with calcium salts for ease of removal

A

chelating agents

23
Q

how long does chelating agents need to submerge for small tissue samples

A

1-3 weeks

24
Q

how long does chelating agents need to submerge for longer and dense bones

A

6-8 weeks

25
Q

pH of chelating agent to work properly

A

7-7.4

26
Q

common brand of chelating agent

A

Cal-ex and Versene

27
Q

increases solubility and remove calcium ions from formic acid

A

ion exchange resin

28
Q

attracting ions going to the cathode part of the agarose gel and due to this it saves time

A

electrophoresis

HISTOPATHOLOGY (16 decks)

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