stages of labour

Question 1

cerivical dilatation..latent phase?

Answer 1

3-4cm dilation

Question 2

active phase - 4-10cm dilation

Answer 2

FULL DILATAION

Question 3

in nulliparous women delivery considered prolonged if it lasts longer than?

Answer 3

3 hours

Question 4

how long does expulsion of the placenta usually take?

Answer 4

10 mins, but can be longer

Question 5

active management - delivery of placenta - why

Answer 5

lower risk of post part haemorrhage

Question 6

admin of oxytocin, ergometrine, cord clamping and cutting, injection of oxytocin directly in to chord

Answer 6

.

Question 7

why do you get cervical softening?

Answer 7

increase in hyaluronic acid gives increase in molecules among collagen fibres. decreased bridging causes decrease in firmness of cervix. decrease in tensile strength, increase in cervical decorin

Question 8

painless contractions, resolve with ambulation/change in activity/position?

Answer 8

braxton hicks

Question 9

what are these?

Answer 9

tightening of uterine muscles, thought to aid the body to prepare for birth

Question 10

when can they start from?

Answer 10

6 weeks

Question 11

abdomen hard, come and go, 5 minutes apart, evenly spaced reduction in time between contractions. what does the body release during these contractions?

Answer 11

oxytocin

Question 12

greatly painful, don’t resolve with change of position

Answer 12

.

Question 13

what collagen types are present in the cervix?

Answer 13

1-4

Question 14

what acts as pacemaker in contractions?

Answer 14

tubal ostia

Question 15

front suture, in line with sagittal?

Answer 15

metropic

Question 16

back (horizontal)

Answer 16

lamboid

Question 17

in multiparous women - delivery prolonged if it exceeds ____hours?

Answer 17

2

Question 18

what is crowning?

Answer 18

appearance of a large section of metal head at the introitus

Question 19

largest diameter of metal head is encircled by the metal ring

Answer 19

burning/stinging feeling for the mother

Question 20

name of the procedure carried out t prevent tearing of anus>

Answer 20

episiotomy

Question 21

5 parameters for assessing the cervix?

Answer 21

EDLFP - effacement, dilataion, level of presenting part, firms, position

Question 22

normal blood loss at pregnancy?

Answer 22

less than 500ml

Question 23

if greater?

Answer 23

abnormal

Question 24

more significance if above?

Answer 24

1500ml

Question 25

any blood loss prior to delivery is abnormal and needs to be referred to consultant unit

Answer 25

.

Question 26

plane of separation in placenta?

Answer 26

spongy layer of decidua basalis

Question 27

signs of placental separation?

Answer 27

uterus contracts, hardens and rises, umbilical cord lengthens permanently, gush of blood

Question 28

what is considered a normal time for placental expuslion

Answer 28

usually 5-10 mins - but up to 30 mins is normal

Question 29

what is puerperium?

Answer 29

period of repair and recovery. return of tissues to non pregnant state - 6 weeks

Question 30

collostrum - rich in antibodies, but no ?

Answer 30

fat

Question 31

decrease in oestrogen and progesterone. lactation is initiated by placental expulsion

Answer 31

if placenta not out by 1 hour, prepare for removal under GA

Question 32

what inhalation agent acts as anaesthetic?

Answer 32

entonox

Question 33

does epidural impair uterine activity?

Answer 33

no, but it might slow stage 2

Question 34

complications?

Answer 34

hypotension, dural puncture, headache, back pain, atonic bladder

Question 35

failure to progress at stage 1 - dilation?

Answer 35

if dilation less than 2 cm in 4 hours