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genital tract infections Flashcards

1
Q

Bv - lt - ph? what kind of cells? buzzwords? 2 types of bacteria? treatment?

A

over 4.5,CLUE CELLS, thin, watery, fishy smelling vaginal discharge, mobiluncus and gardenia vaginalis, oral metronidazole

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2
Q

risk factors for thrush?4

A

poorly controlled diabetes, recent antibiotic treatment, high oestrogen, immunocompromised

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3
Q

how does it present?

A

intensely itchy with white vaginal discharge

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4
Q

organism responsible for thrush?

A

candida albicans

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5
Q

treatment? ol cf

A

topical clotrimazole, oral fluconazole

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6
Q

on penis…can get typical spotty rash of candida____?

A

balanitis

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7
Q

what would prostate be like in prostatitis?

A

tender

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8
Q

for acute bacterial prostatitis (C), what are the three most likely organisms?

A

E Coli, Coliforms, enterocoCCus

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9
Q

IF THEY ARE UNDER 35, WHAT DO YOU NEED TO REMEMBER TO CHECK FOR?

A

chlamydia and gonorrhoea (first pass)

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10
Q

what sort of test would you do for culture and sensitivity of prostate?

A

mid stream

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11
Q

whats the treatment for AB prostatitis?

A

Ciprofloxacin 28 days

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12
Q

if high c diff risk…try?

A

trimethoprim

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13
Q

normal bacterial flora. lactobacteria produce what, which suppresses growth of other bacteria?

A

lactic acid +/- hydrogen peroxide

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14
Q

what other organisms found in vagina? (sparta)

A

strep viridians and group b haemolytic strep (Bee ins)

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15
Q

possibly small numbers of candida species. what would you find around group b h s?

A

zones of complete haemolysis

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16
Q

obligate intracellular bacteria, infects urethra, rectum, throat, eyes, endocervix?

A

chlamydia

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17
Q

why does it not stain with gram stain?

A

no peptidoglycan in cell wall (water)

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18
Q

what is more common, chlamydia or gon?

A

chlamydia is much more common

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19
Q

gonorrhoea. where does it affect? how would you describe the bacteria, does it survive outside body?

A

urethra, rectum, throat and eyes. gram -ve diplococci (2 kidney beans facing each other), no

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20
Q

most common presentation?

A

purulent discharge

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21
Q

diagnosis?

A

NAAT or PCR

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22
Q

NAAT can be performed on?

A

swab or urine, better swab.

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23
Q

what urine test would you do for males?

A

first pass

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24
Q

for females?

A

high vaginal or VVS

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25
Q

Gonorrhoea - you can do microscopy of urethral/EC swabs, and you can also culture in agar plates (endocervical, rectal and throat swabs)

A

y

26
Q

syphilis. why is there a difficulty in diagnosing?

A

doesn’t stain gram stain and also cannot be grown on culture. Diagnosis relies on PCR or blood testing

27
Q

causative organism (nl)

A

treponema pallidum

28
Q

how many stages in the ilness?

A

4

29
Q

what is the first stage?

A

chancre lesion

30
Q

is a chancre painful?

A

no

31
Q

what is actually happening at this stage?

A

organism multiplies at inocculation site and gets in to blood stream

32
Q

what happens at secondary stage?

A

large numbers of bacteria circulating in blood with multiple manifestations

33
Q

latent stage? do you get symptoms?

A

no, low level multiplication of spirochaetes in the intimate of the small blood vessels.

34
Q

Many years later, what do you get?

A

cardiovascular or neurovascular complications

35
Q

microbiology of syphillis, what do you swab for PCR?

A

chancre

36
Q

in terms of serology, what are you looking for?

A

specific and non specific antibodies to T Pallidum

37
Q

What is the name of the non specific test that indicates tissue inflammation?

A

VDRL (non specific)

38
Q

why is it useful?

A

in monitoring the response to therapy

39
Q

2 specific serological test?

A

TPPA and TPHA

40
Q

why are these not useful in monitoring response to therapy?

A

although they are specific for syphillis, they remain positive for life once you’ve had them

41
Q

what are the two antibodies used as screening test for syphillis?

A

IgG and IgM ELISA

42
Q

treatment is?

A

injectable long acting preparation of penicillin

43
Q

which HPV causes genital warts?

A

6 and 11 (nyth)

44
Q

describe the virus?

A

NON ENVELOPED icosohedral virus containing dsDNA

45
Q

how are genital warts spread?

A

close genital skin contact

46
Q

cryopodo, treatment for genital warts?

A

cryotherapy, podophylotoxin cream/ lotion

47
Q

what vaccine is given to 11-13 year old girls and what does it immunise against?

A

quadrivalent vaccine, immunises against genital warts and cervical cancer

48
Q

enveloped virus containing dsDNA?

A

genital herpes

49
Q

which type of herpes simplex causes cold sores?

A

1

50
Q

how is it spread?

A

genital/genital or genital/oral contact

51
Q

in the primary infection, may be asymptomatic. where does virus replicate?

A

dermid and epidermis

52
Q

where does it go from the skin?

A

gets into nerve endings of sensory autonomic nerves

53
Q

what does it cause at the nerve endings?

A

inflammation, which causes pain. exquisitely painful multiple small vesicles

54
Q

where does the virus migrate to, where it hides for life?

A

sacral root glanglion

55
Q

how do you diagnose?

A

swab deroofed blister (PCR)

56
Q

treatment?

A

aciclovir and pain relief

57
Q

single celled protozoal parasite causing vaginal discharge and irritation in females?

A

trichomonas vaginalis

58
Q

how does it divide?

A

binary fission

59
Q

how do you test for it?

A

high vaginal swab for microscopy

60
Q

treatment? (flush)

A

oral metronidazole

repro (30 decks)

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