pre term infant Flashcards
fluid collection caused by pressure of presenting part of scalp against dilating cervix
caput succedaneum
day 2-5 common rash babies get
erythema toxicam
definition of pre term?
term?
37-42 weeks
post term
> 42 weeks
risk factors?
polyhydramnios, cervical incompitence, drugs, alcohol, smoking, multiple pregnancy, placental abruption, infection, pneumonia, appendicitis, low BMI, low socioeconomic status
whats the difference?
get cold faster, don’t breathe effectively, fragile lungs, fewer reserves. pulse oximetry often indicated
during cord clamping, pause for at least a minute to allow placental transfusion
lugs are more fragile
it is important to keep baby warm. heat them in plastic bag under heater
y
why is thermal regulation ineffective in pre term?
low BMR, minimal muscular activity, subcutaneous fat insulation negligible. High surface area to mass ratio
increased risk of nutritional compromise
limited nutrient reserves, immature metabolic pathways, increased nutrient demands
what is gestational correction?
adjusts plot of measurement to account for number of weeks a baby was born early
when should this be continued until?
1 year for infants born 32-36 weeks
2 years for infants born less than 32 weeks
neonatal sepsis. can be early (mainly due to bacteria acquired before and during delivery) or late onset - acquired after delivery (nosocomial or community sources)
y
causitive organisms of neonatal sepsis?
CONS, SA, strep pneumonaie, strep pyogenes, klebsiella, salmonella, pseudomonas, e coli
In In In
incubators increase infection
hyaline membrane disease. surfactant deficiency and structural immaturity - Respiratory Distress syndrome
2y pathology: alveolar damage, inflammation, formation of exudate from leaky capillaries
clinical features of RDS?
tachypnoea, grunting, intercostal recessions, nasal flaring, cyanosis
gets worse over?
minutes to hours
gradual worsening 2-4 days to….. then gradual improvement
management: maternal steroid and surfactant
premature infants at risk of patent ductus arteriosus
duct does not respond to close signals
oxygen requirements are high. exacerbates RDS. symptoms of CHF
.
interventricular haemorrhage?
form of inter cranial haemorrhage that occurs in pre term infants. begins with bleeding into the germinal matrix
risk factors? 2
prematurity and RDS
