pre term infant

Question 1

fluid collection caused by pressure of presenting part of scalp against dilating cervix

Answer 1

caput succedaneum

Question 2

day 2-5 common rash babies get

Answer 2

erythema toxicam

Question 3

definition of pre term?

Question 4

term?

Answer 4

37-42 weeks

Question 5

post term

Answer 5

> 42 weeks

Question 6

risk factors?

Answer 6

polyhydramnios, cervical incompitence, drugs, alcohol, smoking, multiple pregnancy, placental abruption, infection, pneumonia, appendicitis, low BMI, low socioeconomic status

Question 7

whats the difference?

Answer 7

get cold faster, don’t breathe effectively, fragile lungs, fewer reserves. pulse oximetry often indicated

Question 8

during cord clamping, pause for at least a minute to allow placental transfusion

Answer 8

lugs are more fragile

Question 9

it is important to keep baby warm. heat them in plastic bag under heater

Answer 9

y

Question 10

why is thermal regulation ineffective in pre term?

Answer 10

low BMR, minimal muscular activity, subcutaneous fat insulation negligible. High surface area to mass ratio

Question 11

increased risk of nutritional compromise

Answer 11

limited nutrient reserves, immature metabolic pathways, increased nutrient demands

Question 12

what is gestational correction?

Answer 12

adjusts plot of measurement to account for number of weeks a baby was born early

Question 13

when should this be continued until?

Answer 13

1 year for infants born 32-36 weeks

2 years for infants born less than 32 weeks

Question 14

neonatal sepsis. can be early (mainly due to bacteria acquired before and during delivery) or late onset - acquired after delivery (nosocomial or community sources)

Answer 14

y

Question 15

causitive organisms of neonatal sepsis?

Answer 15

CONS, SA, strep pneumonaie, strep pyogenes, klebsiella, salmonella, pseudomonas, e coli

Question 16

In In In

Answer 16

incubators increase infection

Question 17

hyaline membrane disease. surfactant deficiency and structural immaturity - Respiratory Distress syndrome

Answer 17

2y pathology: alveolar damage, inflammation, formation of exudate from leaky capillaries

Question 18

clinical features of RDS?

Answer 18

tachypnoea, grunting, intercostal recessions, nasal flaring, cyanosis

Question 19

gets worse over?

Answer 19

minutes to hours

Question 20

gradual worsening 2-4 days to….. then gradual improvement

Answer 20

management: maternal steroid and surfactant

Question 21

premature infants at risk of patent ductus arteriosus

Answer 21

duct does not respond to close signals

Question 22

oxygen requirements are high. exacerbates RDS. symptoms of CHF

Answer 22

.

Question 23

interventricular haemorrhage?

Answer 23

form of inter cranial haemorrhage that occurs in pre term infants. begins with bleeding into the germinal matrix

Question 24

risk factors? 2

Answer 24

prematurity and RDS

Question 25

in 80% of cases, GMH leads to an ?

Answer 25

IVH

Question 26

most IVH occur on ?

Answer 26

first day of life

Question 27

preventative measures for IVH

Answer 27

antenatal steroids and prompt resus

Question 28

most common neonatal surgical emergency?

Answer 28

necrotizing entercolitis

Question 29

widespread necrosis in small and large intestine?

Answer 29

necrotising enterocolitis

Question 30

there is a high incidence in?

Answer 30

pre term infants

Question 31

typical presentation?

Answer 31

usually recovering from RDS, lethargy and gastric residuals, bloody stool, temp instability, apnea and bradycardia

Question 32

can get retinopathy of prematurity 6-8 weeks after delivery

Answer 32

antenatal steroids and surfactant replacement has contributed to improved pre term care

Question 33

what do you give to a mother expecting a per term birth to reduce risk of RDS?

Answer 33

surfactant and maternal steroid