small for dates pregnancy and pre term birth

Question 1

oestrogen and progesterone inhibit milk production

Answer 1

y

Question 2

3 stages of labour

Answer 2

10 cervical dilation - should take 8 - 24 hours

2) passage through birth canal (few mind - 30 mins), 3) expulsion of placenta

Question 3

which hormone causes growth of the ductile system?

Answer 3

estrogen

Question 4

which causes development of the lobular system?

Answer 4

prog

Question 5

which hormone stimulates milk production?

Answer 5

prolactin

Question 6

steady rise in this hormone from week 5 until birth

Answer 6

low volume, no fat, first milk produced?

Question 7

collostrum

Answer 7

y

Question 8

prolactin and oxytocin, which one from anterior and post pituitary

Answer 8

prolActin from anterior, Oxytocin from pOsterior

Question 9

which one causes milk secretion?

Answer 9

oxytocin, prolactin doesn’t cause contraction

Question 10

pre term birth defined as/

Answer 10

delivery between 24 and 36+6 weeks

Question 11

aetiology of pre term birth?

Answer 11

brown diagram (polyhydramnios, placental abruption, infection, cervical incompetence, idiopathic, intercurent illness - pyelonephritis/UTI, appendicitis, pneumonia

Question 12

risk factors

Answer 12

previous ptl, uterine abnormalities, age, parity, ethnicity, poor se status, smoking, drugs, low BMI

Question 13

small for gestational age?

Answer 13

an infant with a birthweight that is less than 10th centil for gestation, corrected for maternal weight, height, fetal sex and birth order

Question 14

intrauterine growth restriction can be maternal factor, fetal factor or placental factor

Answer 14

y

Question 15

maternal factors?

Answer 15

smoking, alcohol, drugs, height and weight, age, maternal diseases

Question 16

fetal

Answer 16

infection such as rubella, cmv, toxoplasmosis, congenital eg absent kindeys, chromosomal abnormalities eg downs

Question 17

placental

Answer 17

infarcts, abruption, often secondary to hypertension

Question 18

IUGR can be symmetrical or non symmetrical

Answer 18

symmetrical = small head small body , assymetrical = normal head small body

Question 19

consequences of being growth restricted - during birth>

Answer 19

risk of hypoxia and death

Question 20

post natal?

Answer 20

hypoglycaemia, effects of asphyxia, hypothermia, polycythaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, abnormal neurodevelopment

Question 21

pre disposing factors, fundal height less than expected, reduced liquor, reduced fetal movements - these are all clinical features

Answer 21

y