Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

repro > physiology of pregnancy and lactation > Flashcards

physiology of pregnancy and lactation Flashcards

1
Q

fertilised egg develops and differentiates into a

A

blastocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

transport into uterus on day ?

A

3-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

attaches to lining ofuterus on day?

A

5-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

blastocyst - inner cells develop into embryo, outer cells burrow into uterine wall and become placenta. what does the placenta produce which maintains pregnancy>

A

hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

blastocyst lined by?

A

trophobalst cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when blastocyst adheres to the endometrial lining, chords of trophoblastic cells….?

A

begin to penetrate into the endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

advancing chords of trophoblastic cells tunnel deeper into the endometrium, carving a hole for the blastocytes

A

when implantation is finished, blastocyst is completely buried in endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

completely delved by?

A

day 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

placenta is derived from both …cells and …cells

A

trophoblastic and decidua

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

trophoblast cells differentiate into multinucleate cells, (syncytiotrophoblasts), which invade decidua and break down capillaries to form cavities filled with maternal blood

A

y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the developing embryo do?

A

sends capillaries into the syncytiotrophoblastic projections to form placental villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

placental villi - separate maternal blood and fetal blood by thin layer of tissue. is there exchange?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when is the placenta functional by?

A

5th week of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

early nutrition of the embryo?

A

invasion of the trophoblastic cells into the decieua

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hcg signals the corpus luteum to continue secreting?

A

progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

progesterone stimulates the endometrium to concentrate which substances?

A

glycogen, protens and lipid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

as placenta develops, it extends hair like projections into the uterine wall

A

this increases contact area between the uterus and placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a thin membrane separates fetal blood from maternal blood. what is the space called between this>

A

intervillous space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

the placenta plays the role of?

A

fetal lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

exchange takes place between maternal (oxygen rich blood) and umbilical cord (arterial and venous blood)

A

y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

oxygen rich blood travels to the fetus via the?

A

umbilical vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

maternal oxygen poor blood travels back into the ?

A

uterine veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

deoxygenated blood from fetus..pathway?

A

umbilical arterIES - (maternal) uterine vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

3 factors which facilitate oxygen supply to the fetus?

A

fetal haemoglobin has an increased ability to carry 02, have more haemoglobin, 3 = bohr effect (fetal hb can carry more oxygen in low PC02)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how does water diffuse across placenta?
osmosis, exchange increases during pregnancy up to 35th week. (3.5l/day)
26
how do electrolytes get across?
follow water
27
which electrolytes only go from mother to child?
iron and ca
28
how does glucose cross the placenta?
simplified transport (scsp)
29
free diffusion of?
fatty acids
30
there is an increased demand of glucose for the fetus in?
3rd trimester
31
what effect does HCG have on male testes?
development of sex organs
32
HCS - what week of pregnancy does it start being produced?
week 5
33
it has growth hormone like effects, what tissue does it act on?
protein
34
how does it get more glucose for the fetus?
decreases insulin sensitivity in the mother
35
what is it also involved in the development of?
breast development
36
progesterone - when does is start to rapidly increase?
week 10. 10 deci. prep.
37
what is it involved in?
development of decidual cells, preparation for lactation, decreases uterine contractility
38
effect of estradiol on uterus?
increased proliferation
39
what hormone is involved in the relaxation of ligaments?
oestrogen (east)
40
which hormone acts like thyroid hormones
HCG
41
mimics hyperthyroidism
y
42
increased calcium demands in pregnancy can lead to?
hyperparathyroidism
43
cardiac output in pregnancy?
30 - 50% higher(beginning in week 6, peaking week 24)
44
when does it decrease?
in the last 8 weeks
45
what happens to the heart rate?
increases to 90 per minute to increase cardiac output
46
when does blood pressure drop?
2nd semester
47
specifically with twins, what happens to blood pressure and cardiac output?
blood pressure drops more, CO increases more
48
what happens to plasma volume>
increases proportiaonally with co
49
what happens to hb as a consequence?
concentration is reduced, and blood viscosity decreases
50
in the second half of pregnancy, there is a significant increased requirement for what? what supplements are needed>
iron
51
wjy are there respiratory changes?
partly due to increased progesterone, partly due to pressure of uterus interfering with lung function
52
what does progesterone signal?
brain to lower CO2 levels
53
because of these signals to lower co2 levels, what happens to resp rate/tidal volume, pc02, vital capacity and P02
all decrease, except P02 and vital capacity remain the same
54
what happens to GFR and plasma renal flow?
increases by 30-50%
55
why is there increased reabsorption of ions and water?
placental steroids
56
urine formation?
slight increase
57
how do postural changes affect renal function?
upright position decreases it, supine position increases it, lateral position during sleep increases it more
58
pregnancy induced hypertension and proteinuria?
pre eclampsia
59
when is the cut off for gestational hypertension?
20 weeks, must be after 20 weeks
60
if woman has hypertension before 20th week, what is diagnosis?
pre existing hypertension
61
pre eclampsia more common in women with pre existing hypertension, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, family history, avesity and women with multiple gestation
y
62
what is the single biggest risk factor?
previous pre eclampsia
63
what is eclampsia>
extreme pre ecampsia
64
vascular spasms, extreme hypertension, chronic seizures and coma
y
65
treatment of eclampsia?
vasodilators and caesarean section
66
average weight gain ?
24lbs
67
250-300 extra k/cal/day
extra protein intake 30g per day
68
what is the fetal glucose need at the end of pregnancy?
`5mg/kg/min
69
glucose need of the mother
2.5mg/kg/min
70
when is mothers anabolic phase?
1st - 20th week
71
during anabolic phase for mother, anabolic metabolism for mother, and quite small catabolic needs for the baby
weeks 21--40 - high metabolic demands of the fetus, accelerated starvation of the mother
72
in the anabolic phase, mothers build ?
fat and glycogen
73
in anabolic phase what is insulin sensitivity like?
normal/increased
74
thererefore, what is the plasmatic glucose level like?
low
75
what happens to glycogen stores?
increased (building glycogen)
76
what happens re fat?
lipogenesis
77
basically in anabolic phase, you build glycogen and fat
y
78
in catabolic phase, you get insulin resistance, what hormones cause this>
HCS, cortisol and growth hormone
79
what are some special nutritional needs in pregnancy?
high protein diet, iron supplements, b vitamins, folic acid
80
what are b vitamins for?
erythropoesis
81
whats folic acid for
reduce risk of neural defects
82
what should be given, before partuition, to reduce the risk of intercranial bleed during labour?
vitamin K
83
progesterone decreases uterine contractibility
ratio of e:p changes at partiution
84
what hormone (from pp gland) increases contraction and contractibility
oxytocin
85
what does mechanical stretch of the uterine muscles cause?
increased contractibility
86
stretch of _____also stimulates uterine contractions
cervix
87
what happens to the frequency of Braxton hicks contractions?
increase towards end of pregnancy
88
stretch of the cervix by fetal head increases contractility, this is an example of?
positive feedback
89
cervical stretching also causes further release of?
oxytocin
90
strong uterine contractions and pain from the birth canal cause neurogenic reflexes from spinal cord that iduce intense abdominal contractions
u
91
what does oestrogen do to the uterus which stimulates uterus to contract and placenta to make prostaglandins>
induces oxytocin receptors
92
what do prostaglandins do?
stimulate more vigorous contractions of the uterus

repro (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions