HIV/AIDS Flashcards
what kind of virus?
retrovirus
what are the target sites for HIV?
CD4
what is CD4? where is it found?
a glycoprotein, found on surface of cells
which cell types is it found on?
T helper lymphocytes, dendritic macrophages, macrophages, microglial cells
what do helper t cells do?
recognise MCH2 antigen presenting cells, activate B cells (antibodies), activate cytotoxic t cells (killer T), cytokine release
if you have HIV infection, what happens to numbers of helper T cells?
reduced, you get a decreased proliferation of helper t cells
why do you get a reduction in antibodies?
HIV attacks helper T cells, which activate B cells, which produce antibodies
If you have HIV, you have a susceptibility to ?
viral infections, fungal infections, mycobacterial infections, infection induced cancers
what is the normal value of helper t cells?
500-1600
risk of opportunistic infection if below?
200
when do you get rapid replication of the virus
very early and very late stages of the infection, with a new generation every 6-12 hours
which cells do HIV actually infect?
mucosal CD4 cells
when is the infection established?
within 3 days of entry
2-4 weeks after the infection, what sort of symptoms would you expect?
fever, rash, myalgia, pharyngitis, headache. ACUTE HIV SYNDROME
after 3 weeks, your virus level is high and CD4 levels are down to about half
y
what happens in-between acute HIV syndrome and symptoms of AIDS?
asymptomatic period
how do you treat pneumocystis pneumonia?
co-trimoxazole
what kind of cancer can you get in AIDS?
kaposi’s sarcoma
what accounts for 94% of transmission?
sex
how else could you get it?
drug injectors
how can HIV spread from mother to child?
in utero, at delivery, breastfeeding
HIV virus binds to CD4 receptor and one co receptor, what are these?
CCR5, CXCR4
what is the enzyme that makes double standed DNA from single?
reverse transcriptase
what enzyme integrates viral DNA into the host?
integrase
