Sports Psychology - Leadership Flashcards
What is leadership?
An individual having enough influence over the behaviour of others to motivate them to follow the individuals own set goals.
What are seven qualities of a leader?
– Good communication skills
– High motivation
– Enthusiasm
– Having a clear goal
– Empathy
– Knowledgeable
– Charisma
What is an emergent leader?
Comes from within the group because they are skilful or because the team selected them.
What is a prescribed leader?
Appointed to the team from an external source.
What are the advantages of an emergent leader?
– Went over teammates as ‘ one of their own’.
What are the disadvantages of an emergent leader?
– May lack objectivity.
– Friendships may colour judgements.
What are the disadvantages of a prescribed leader?
– Not aware of team culture
What are the advantages of a prescribed leader?
– More objective
– Fresh pair of eyes
– More authority/power.
What is the autocratic style of leader?
– Task orientated, more dictational.
– Make most of the decisions and tend to have commanding approaches.
– Show little interest in the individuals making up the group.
What is a democratic style of leader?
– Person orientated
– Value the views of other group members
– tend to share decisions show a good deal of interest in the individual of the group
What is the laissez-faire style of leadership?
– Make very few decisions.
– Give very little feedback.
– Individual group members mostly do as they wish.
Why is an autocratic style of leadership used?
- when discipline and control is needed for hostile groups.
– If there is a lack of time or at the cognitive stage of learning
– Males tend to prefer this style of leadership.
– If situation is dangerous or unclear
Why is a democratic leadership style used?
– Suits more advanced performance to contribute their knowledge
– Suits a task which demands more interpersonal communication
– females tend to prefer this style of leadership.
– Suitable if the leaders personality lends itself to a democratic approach.
When would we use a laissez-faire style of leadership?
– Suitable for elite performers
– Helps to develop creativity for team members
– Suitable if the task involves individual decision-making
– Leader has full trust in members capabilities
– Often appears if the leader is incompetent.
Why should the autocratic approach not be relied to heavily on?
It could cause hostility and athletes not taking responsibility when the coach isn’t present. It also reduces independence.
What can happen if the democratic approach is relied on?
Less work being done, but will increase the positive effect of interaction.
Why should too much laissez faire be avoided?
It does not improve the performer, however it does encourage creativity and more responsibility.
What did crust find about different different peoples preference to leadership?
- Training and instruction behaviour improves performance and emphasises hard training.
- Democratic behaviour – allows group participation in decision-making.
- Autocratic behaviour – the coach makes the decisions and stresses their personal authority.
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What is the trait perspective of leadership?
– Leaders have a genetic disposition that shows leader qualities
– Leadership traits are stable and enduring and can be generalised across different situations
What are the assumptions of trait perspective?
– Certain traits produce certain patterns of behaviour.
– These patterns are consistent across different situations.
– People are born with these leadership traits.
What is the contingency approach?
The success of leadership traits is determined by situational factors.
What is the counter argument of traits perspective?
In sport leadership skills are specific depending on the situation situation
What is the social learning theory of leadership?
– leadership characteristics are learned from others
– Behaviour of others as watched and copied vicarious reinforcement
When is social learning more likely to occur?
When observing a role model who the performer identifies with.
What is vicarious reinforcement?
The person observes that a reward is given to another person for a certain behaviour and learns to emulate that same behaviour.
What is the interactionist theory of leadership?
– Individuals may have certain inborn traits but they are not evident unless in a situation that demands leadership behaviour.
– It counts for the fact that some people are not generally leaders in every day life but can show leadership quality in sporting situatio. .
What three factors did Chelladurai affected leadership?
Situational factors
Leader factors
Member characteristics
What are the three parts of the leaders behaviour in Chelladurai’s model?
Required behaviour
Preferred behaviour
Actual behaviour
If the leaders actual behaviour matches the preferred behaviour and the required behaviour group will experience high levels of satisfaction.
