Skill Acquisition - feedback Flashcards
What is intrinsic feedback?
A type of continuous feedback that involves available information to the performer that is internal and arising from the sensory system.
What are the advantages of intrinsic feedback?
– Feedback is readily available and movement can be corrected immediately.
– The performance doesn’t have to rely on others.
What are the disadvantages of intrinsic feedback?
– If in the cognitive stage may be unable to interpret or do so inaccurately.
– Some are able to feel movements more effectively than others.
What is extrinsic feedback?
Feedback that comes from an external source, e.g. a teacher or a coach.
What are the advantages of extrinsic feedback?
– The coach can give coaching points that may lead to improvements as long as the info is accurate and relevant.
What are the disadvantages of extrinsic feedback?
– Inaccurate feedback can negatively affect performance = negative transfer
– If the source is unreliable = decrease motivation
What is a knowledge of results?
– Terminal feedback that gives the performer information about the end results of the performance.
– This feedback is external
What is knowledge of performance?
– Information about how well movement is being executed rather than the end result.
– Normally associated with external feedback but can be gained through kinaesthetic awareness.
What is positive feedback?
– Reinforces skills and learning and gives reward to the performer via praise from a successful outcome.
What are the advantages of positive feedback?
– Can lead to positive reinforcement = enable the correct S-R bond to be formed.
– Can be very motivating especially for cognitive stage learners.
– Can help to build self-esteem and confidence.
What are the disadvantages of positive feedback?
– If undeserved may build inappropriate S-R bonds = performance deteriorates.
– Some performance don’t respond well to too much praise and may ignore feedback = hinders performance and learning.
What is negative feedback?
Information about an unsuccessful outcome can be in the form of criticism and may concentrate on poor aspects of performance and results.
What are the disadvantages of negative feedback
– Can be demotivating especially if in the cognitive stage.
– May be detrimental to the learning process if feedback is inaccurate.
What are the advantages of negative feedback?
– The performer will be clear about which aspects require improvement.
– Some performances are motivated well by negative feedback = more determined performer
What should feedback involve in order to make it effective?
– A limited amount of information: there is a danger in overloading the performer especially a novice. Should focus on very specific easily understood points.
– Immediacy: give feedback as soon as possible so the performer can relate the info to recent personal experiences in their memory store.
– Related to the individual: direct feedback specifically to individuals = relate to it more readily and accountable for future actions.
– Facilitating kinaesthesis: encourages recognising their own quality of movements = able to correct errors immediately.
