Sports Psychology - Group And Team Dynamics Flashcards
What is a group?
A collection of people who share similar goals and interact with one another.
What are the four stages of team formation identified by Tuchman?
- Forming.
- Storming.
- Norming.
- Performing.
What is stage one, forming?
– High dependence on the leader for guidance and direction.
– Group members start to get to know one another.
– Very little agreement on the aim of the team.
– Each team member’s individual roles are unclear.
What is stage two, storming?
– cliques form
– There are power struggles from the leader/players challenge leader
– Leader has a more advisory role
– Clearer focus stronger sense of purpose
– Team members jostle for a position in the team
What is stage three, norming?
– Much more agreement and consensus in the team.
– Roles and responsibilities are clear
– Important decisions are increasingly made through group agreement
– Stronger sense of commitment/unity
– Less important decisions are delegated
– General respect the leader.
What is stage four, performing?
– More strategies made
– A focus on achieving goals
– Members are trusted to get on with their role
– Disagreement occur but they are resolved positively
What is team cohesion?
The motivation which attracts individuals to the group and the resistance of those members to the group breaking up
What is group integration?
How the individual members of the group feel about the group as a whole.
What is individual attraction to the group?
How attracted the individuals are to the group.
What is Steiners model of the relationship between individuals in a group performance?
Actual productivity = potential productivity - losses due to faulty group processes
What is potential productivity?
The best possible performance of the group and takes into account the resources available and abilities of the members.
What two factors are losses due to faulty group processes caused by?
- Coordination problems.
- Motivation problems.
What are coordination problems within teams?
If coordination and timing of team members don’t match team strategies that depend on them will suffer = reduced team performance
What our motivation problems in groups?
If members aren’t all motivated to the same extent, they will pull in different directions and the team cannot reach potential.
What is the Ringleman effect?
This arises when the average individual performance decreases as the group size increases.
How can team cohesion be made better?
– Undesirable in teams should be eliminated
– Feedback to individuals about performance
– Credit to individuals who are successful
– a team who get on well socially will be more cohesive
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