Socioculture - Emergence Of Modern Sport Flashcards
What are the seven key socio cultural factors affecting the emergence of sport?
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- Class.
- Gender
- Law and order.
- Availability of time.
- Availability of money.
- Education and literacy.
- Availability of transport.
What was class like in pre-industrial Britain?
Society was divided into two main classes:
Upper class: wealthy landowners had lots of time and money for leisure.
Lower class: worked long hours and had a little time and money for sport.
How did class affect sport in pre-industrial Britain?
Upper-class sports: sophisticated expensive and exclusive e.g real tennis foxhunting and cricket.
Lower class sports: simple violent and played occasionally e.g mob football and bare knuckle fighting.
Some shared sports: cricket had both classes but with separate roles e.g. gentry were battlers and lower class were bowlers and fielders.
What was gender like in pre-industrial Britain?
Women’s participation with limited - women were seen as we had a few opportunities to take part in physical activity
Sports for women were nonstrenuous archery and lawn tennis for upper-class women
Lower class women had even fewer opportunities. They worked long hours and only participated in occasional activities like smock races.
What is pedestrianism?
A popular sport involving long-distance walking races, it became a significant form of entertainment in the 19th century.
What was the education like in pre-industrial Britain?
Upper-class:
– Sports were more sophisticated and had more complex rules
– Wealthy families could afford private tutors or send their children to grammar schools.
– Education fostered a better understanding of rules enabling the development of organised and sophisticated sport.
Lower class:
– Very few opportunities for formal education
– Many children worked from a young age leaving little time for schooling.
– They had limited literacy and knowledge impacting their ability to engage with organised sports and understanding rules therefore they played simple sports.
What was the availability of time like in pre-industrial Britain?
Lower class:
– Worked long hours often six days a week leaving little time for leisure.
– Sport was only paid on holy days or festivals.
– Activities had to be quick and occasional.
Upper class:
– Had more free time so they could play longer more complex sport like real tennis and fox hunting.
– Could play sport regularly as they didn’t have work.
What was the availability of money like in pre-industrial Britain?
Upper class:
– Had plenty of money to afford specialist equipment, facilities and horses
– Could afford to travel for competitions and had the financial freedom to participate regularly
Lower class:
– Had very little disposable income so sports were often simple cheap and local
– Wagering on sport was popular among both classes sometimes providing a financial incentive for lower class participants.
What was the availability of transport like in pre-industrial Britain and post industrial revolution?
Pre-industrial era:
– Most people lived in rural areas and have little means of transport. This restricted participation to local games and events.
– Sports were played within a community and travel for competitions was rare
Post industrial revolution:
– The introduction of trains and improved roads travel easier and faster.
– Teams and clubs could now travel for matches and competitions increasing the scope of participation.
– This led to the establishment of organised leagues and national competitions as teams could not compete across regions.
What is professionalism in sport?
The emergence of professional sports began with athletes being paid for their participation increasing focus on skill and competition.
What is the impact of education on sport in pre-industrial Britain?
The lack of education in the lower classes meant that sports were based on local customs without standardised rules.
The upper class is educational. Advantages led to the creation of formalise sport with written rules and regulations enhancing the organisation and popularity of these events.
What was the change in social class in post industrial Britain?
The rise of the middle-class created new opportunities for sport participation both as players and spectators.
What was the availability of time like in post-industrial Britain?
– Improved working conditions and shorter hours increase leisure time for the working class.
– More regular participation in sport and establishment of sporting events.
What was the availability of money like in post-industrial Britain
– Rise in disposable income among the middle class allowed more people to participate in and support sports.
– Development of professional sports where athletes began to earn money.
What changed about gender in the post industrial Britain?
– Gradual increase in women’s participation as social attitude began to change.
– Women’s sports gained more recognition and opportunities in the late 19th century.
What changed about education in post industrial Britain?
– Rise in literacy rate due to improved education leading to a better understanding of sports rules.
– School began to emphasise physical education contributing to structured sports participation.
What was the impact of public schools on standardising rules?
Public schools like Eton, Rugby and Harrow were instrumental important for developing written rules and standardised formats for various games.
How did public schools integrate sports into education?
Public schools emphasise the importance of sport as part of their curriculum using physical activities to promote character development.
What sporting values were promoted by public schools?
The sporting ethic fostered values such as Fairplay teamwork, leadership, and discipline. These values were seen as essential for personal development and social behaviour.
What was the long-term influence of public schools and sports?
The sporting principles and standardised rules developed in public schools extended beyond the school environment influencing how sports were organised nationally and internationally.
How did public schools create a foundation for future sport organisations?
Establishments of clubs and leagues: the emphasis on structured sport in public schools laid the groundwork for the formation of sports clubs and leagues in the broader community.
Influence on governing bodies: the standardise rules and sporting ethic that originated in public schools influence the creation of national and international bodies leading to the establishment of formal competitors and regulations in various sports.
What is codification?
Creating a set of written rules that govern our sport is played.
What is the importance of codification in sport?
Insures consistency and how the game is played across different regions and teams making it easier for clubs to compete against each other.
How does codification facilitate competition?
With formalised rules in place different clubs and teams could organise matches against each other without confusion over rules.
What is the definition of Fairplay?
Codified rules promote fairness by ensuring that all participants understand and adhere to the same standards of play.
What is the definition of athleticism?
Refers to the combination of physical endeavour and moral integrity of a sports person.
