Sport Psychology - Attidudes Flashcards
What is an attitude?
A predisposition to act in a particular way towards something or someone in a persons environment.
What is a prejudice?
A preconceived opinion based on a Fawlty and inflexible generalisation. When an attitude is based on false information and it is unfair.
What are the three components of the triadic model?
Beliefs - cognitive element
Emotions - effective element
Behaviour - behavioural element
In terms of the trick model, what is meant by beliefs?
Beliefs are formed through past experiences and what we have learned from others. Significant others and more likely to influence our beliefs.
In terms of the triadic model, what is the emotional aspect?
Emotional reactions to an attitude of object – whether we like it or dislike it depending on past experiences. If we haven’t experienced enjoyment before we are more likely to look forward to liking the experience.
In terms of the triadic model, what is the behavioural aspect?
Behaviour isn’t always consistent attitude we believe exercise is good for us but we still don’t do it however we are more likely to behave in a way that reveals our attitude.
Identify several factors that affect how our attitudes are born
- Socialisation.
- Peers and friends.
- Parents.
- Media.
- Religion.
- Culture.
- Past experiences.
- Positive reinforcement..
What is an example of an attitude in the triadic model in terms of fitness training?
- The belief that fitness will keep you fit and improve your body image.
- You enjoy fitness training and have fun being with others you train with..
- You go to fitness training twice a week.
What is persuasive communication?
A method in changing attitudes or an element of an attitude.
What does the effectiveness of persuasive communication depend on?
- The person doing the persuading.
- The quality of the message.
- The characteristics of who is being persuaded.
Explain the three characteristics that persuasive communication must have.
- To promote exercise and change attitudes of non-exercises persuaders must have high status or be a role model.
- Before persuasion to be successful, the message must make sense and be believable. The info must be accurate and ambiguous and clear.
- The people being persuaded may understand the message but not accept it they may put up counter arguments.
What is an example of persuasive communication in terms of a teacher wanting to promote gymnastics to boys?
- The teacher introduces them to an older boy with high muscle definition.
- The boys start to believe gymnastics is more masculine now.
- This may cause experience a disagreement with their own mind.
- It may take over and dominate the belief.
What is cognitive dissonance?
- This theory states that all three elements of the triadic model must be consistent if the attitude is to a main stable and the individual is to be content.
- to change an attitude the individual must experience two or more opposing belief which will cause them to feel uncomfortable because of dissonance created in their own mind.
- to be comfortable again, one of the beliefs must be dominant.
What are some positive attitudes associated with PE and sport?
- Exercises valuable
- Activity is enjoyable
- Talent in the activity
- experience of excitement because of the physical challenge
- Enjoy the physical sensations and personal experience.
- Experience relaxation and an escape from stress
- What is a patient as a social norm?.
What are some negative attitudes associated with PE and sport?
- belief that it is harmful
- Dislike the experience involved.
- Like the physical skill
- Frightened of the activity
- Experience stress when they participate.
- They see the social norms as being non-participation.
What are some different attitude associated with sport in girls and boys?
- girls were more positive towards aesthetic activities e.g. dance.
- Boys were more positive towards activities that involved obvious physical challenge e.g. wrestling.
- However the attitude changed over time showing our attitude aren’t necessarily enduring.
What can expected behaviours and stereotypes in sport lead to?
- research has shown that others expectations of an individual lead to those expectations being fulfilled.
