Socioculture - Post Industrial Britain Flashcards
What is meant by post industrial Britain?
- upper-class landowners still existed as did the lower working class factory workers. They still had country sport like hunting shooting and fishing.
- Industrialisation led to a wealthy middle-class emerging.
- The middle and upper class had more leisure time and disposable income
- The middle class would play respectable sports and men tended to play association football or rugby
What was social class like in post industrial Britain?
- upper-class landowners still existed as did. They still had country sport like hunting shooting and fishing.
- The lower class were still factory workers and they worked long hours. They had low pay and little job security and unhealthy working conditions the factory act began to improve conditions later in this era.
- Industrialisation led to a wealthy middle-class emerging.
- The middle and upper class had more leisure time and disposable income
- The middle class would play respectable sports and men tended to play association football or rugby
How can amateurism be associated with the upper and middle class in post industrial Britain?
- time/energy/money
- Sports as leisure/love of sports/no financial reward
- A more acceptable ethos at the time taking part with integrity
How does professionalism associate with the working class in post industrial Britain?
- Little time/little energy/little disposable income.
- Sport means for financial reward or compensation.
- Less acceptable ethos winning more important.
What was the influence of the middle-class factory? Owners on post industrial working class sport and past times?
- Reluctant to give time off
- Dislike of mob games due to chance of injury and time off work
- preference of more controlled rationalised sports such as association football.
- Works teams and works trip to the seaside to help keep workforce fit and healthy
What was gender like in post-industrial Britain
Sports for Middle and upper-class women were restricted by:
- Victorian attitudes to women who had no right to vote had to marry rich husband and their children.
- Respect ability, including dress restrictions maintaining modesty.
- lawn tennis golf archery, skating and skiing gave some freedom to be athletic
Working class women had little or no access to sport due to:
- Long working hours so less leisure time
- Little disposable income
- family commitments so they did smoke racing
What was the law and order like in post-industrial Britain?
- Society ordered with finance tolerated and police force became more established and widespread.
- sport control with less wagering and decline of mob games.
- The RSPCA banned sport such as dogfighting.
What was education and literacy like in post-industrial Britain?
- At the beginning of the era the upper class had little interest in educating the working classes the working class also saw little value in education.
- In 1870 the education act gradually led to increase level of working class education and literacy. Compulsory education for 5 to 10-year-olds following 1891 education act.
- due to this involvement and enjoyment of complex sports increased.
What was education like pre-1800s?
Only upper and middle-class boys went to expensive fee paying public school such as Eton, Harrow and rugby.
When were girls allowed in education?
Before and in the early part of the post-industrial era girls of the higher classes were often educated at home by paid governesses. Later in the public schools for girls such as Cheltenham ladies College in 1853.
What was the foster act 1870?
Created a framework for education. Education should be compulsory and only those who could afford to pay it.
What was the education act in 1891?
Made education compulsory and free for all children 5 to 10 leaving age raised to 11 in 1893.
What was the availability of time and money like in post industrial Britain
- upper-class and middle-class had wealth and ample leisure time and therefore more sporting opportunities.
- Working class typically have less leisure time and disposable income so less opportunities.
- At the beginning of post-industrial Britain there was discouragement from leisure time later in the post-industrial however factory owners began to see the benefits of leisure and sport making workforce healthy and happy.
- this led to organised seaside trips a half day on Saturday and improve working conditions also in some cases improved disposable income leading to greater participation in sports in the industrial era.
What was the availability of transport like post industrial Britain?
Transport notably the railways was hugely significant in the emergence and evolution of sports. The railways meant:
- Teams could travel further a field to play matches
- Spectators could travel to watch
- Agreed walls were needed (NGB’s developed)
- League cups and competitions were established.
- Regional national and finally international competitions were possible.
What was the background of public school?
Thomas Arnold, the headmaster of Rugby School established public schools.
Screw from a method of maintaining discipline and progressively became more popular.
How did public schools promote an organised sport?
- they made it compulsory
- They had inter-house and inter-school matches
- Public schools were boarding schools and fee paying
- Increased teachers support.
What is the cult of athleticism?
The craze for playing team games with physical endeavour and moral integrity.
How did public schools spread and export games and the game ethic?
X public school boys became very influential figures so were in a position to spread and export games and games ethic:
- to university the Oxbridge melting pot and origins of NGB’s
- To their workforce as industrialists
- As politicians shaping legislation and law
- School schools and teachers
- To local communities as Vicars or Priest
- To their own children as parents
- Around the world to the British Empire as army officers and missionaries.
In what ways have public school boys contributed to the development of sport after 1850?
- formation of NGB’s
- Spread sports globally
- codified the rules
- Created and developed competitions such as the FA Cup.
