Skill Acquisition - Feedback Flashcards
What is feedback?
Feedback involves using information available to the performer during skill performance or after the response to alter performance.
What is intrinsic feedback?
Involves information available to the performer that is internal and comes from the proprioreceptors/kinasethesis.
What are 3 advantages of intrinsic feedback?
- feedback is readily available and movement can be corrected immediately
- the performer doesn’t have to rely on others
- if they are in the autonomous stage feedback is likely to be correctly interpreted and accurate = improved performance
What are the disadvantages of intrinsic feedback?
- if in the cognitive stage, may be unable to interpret or do so inaccurately
- some are able to feel movements more effectively than others
- some may interpret intrinsic feedback incorrectly = decreasing performance
What is extrinsic feedback?
Comes from an external source and can lead to improved performance and motivation.
What are the advantages of extrinsic feedback?
- the coach can give coaching points that may lead to improvements as long as the information is accurate and relevant
What are the disadvantages of extrinsic feedback?
- inaccurate feedback can negatively affect performance = negative transfer
- if the source is in reliable = decrease motivation
- doesn’t encourage as much kinaesthetic awareness as intrinsic
What is knowledge of results?
Terminal feedback that gives the performer information about the end results of the response. It is external, and there can be very little learning without this type of feedback.
What is knowledge of performance?
Information about how well the movement is being execute, rather than the end result. Normally associated with external feedback but can be gained through kinaesthetic awareness.
What is positive feedback?
Involves information that is often extrinsic and rewards the performer via praise/positive comments about performance.
What are the advantages of positive feedback?
- can lead to positive reinforcement = enable the correct S -R bond to be formed
- can be very motivating especially for cognitive stage learners
- can help to build self-esteem and confidence
What are the disadvantages of positive feedback?
- if undeserved, may build inappropriate S-R bonds = performance deterioration
- some performers don’t response well to too much praise and may ignore feedback = hinders performance and learning
What is negative feedback?
Can be in the form of criticism and may concentrate on poor aspects of performance and results.
What are the advantages of negative feedback?
- some performers are motivated well by negative feedback = more determined performer
- the performer will be clear about which aspects require improvement
- suited to autonomous learners who require further refinement of their skills
What are the disadvantages of negative feedback?
- can be demotivating, especially if in the cognitive stage
- may be detrimental to the learning process if feedback in inaccurate
What are 3 advantages of knowledge of results?
- can motivate performer
- objective so can allow for comparison
- need to know if the movement was successful
What are 3 disadvantaged of knowledge of results?
- can be too statistic based
- does not develop understanding of technique
- could reduce motivation
What are the advantages of knowledge of performance?
- helps performance refine technique
- beneficial in sports requiring precise movement patterns like gymnastics
- encourages athletes to focus on correct form rather than results
What 4 things must be considered for effective feedback?
- Limited amount of info - there is a danger of overloading the performer, should focus on specific easily understood points
- Immediacy - give feedback asap, so performer can relate info to experiences
- Related to the individual - direct feedback specifically to individuals
- Facilitating intrinsic feedback - encourages recognising their own quality of movements
