Sport Injury And Healing Process Flashcards
Sport injury
Tissue damage/derangement of normal physical function due to participation in sports
Describe an acute, sudden onset injury
Occurs quick, in the moment (no warning)
Describe a repetitive, gradual onset injury
Overuse injury from repetitive/excessive use
Describe a repetitive, sudden onset injury
Tissue damage has been going on for a while, but the pain is new (symptoms of overuse that hit suddenly)
Describe a direct contact injury
Injured upon area of contact (direct blow to acl)
Describe a indirect contact injury
Injury resulting from derangement outside of the initial impact zone
Describe a non-contact injury
Twisting, pulling, tripping, movement error, without external contact
What qualifies as a soft-tissue injury?
Injury to cartilage, muscle, tendon, or ligaments
Will bleeding occur in over-use injuries? (Hematoma)
No, mainly only in acute (traumatic) injures
Describe articular cartilage
- Flexible cartilage
- smooth surface for joint movement
- end of bones
Describe fibrocartilage
- Tough
- able to absorb loads
- discs of spine, meniscus
What does a tendon connect?
Muscle to bone
What is the name of the junction between a tendon and bone?
Enthesis
What does a ligament connect?
Two bones together
Tears are present in…
Muscle, ligaments, tendons
Sprain are present in…
Ligaments
Strains are present in…
Muscles and tendons
Fractures occur in…
Bones
Ruptures occur in…
Muscles, ligaments, tendons, internal organs
Tissue properties: stiffness
- Ability of a tissue to resist a load
- elastic properties
Tissue properties: yield point
- Limit of elastic behaviour and beginning of plastic behaviour
Tissue properties: creep
- Deformation of occur shape/properties of tissue
- Due to persistent mechanical stress
- plastic changes
Stage 1 of wound healing:
Homeostasis: prevent/stop bleeding (clot formation)
What are the 4 steps for homeostasis?
1) vascular spasm
2) form platelet plug
3) blood clotting (coagulation cascade)
4) formation of final clot
Stage 2 in wound healing:
Inflammation: recruitment of cells (neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes) to destroy debris and bacteria
- indicated by redness, warmth, swelling, pain, dysfunction
Stage 3 in wound healing:
Proliferation: purpose of rebuilding
1) angiogenesis (form new blood vessels)
2) fibroblast migration (granulation tissue… collagen fibres and elastin)
3) epithelialization
4) wound retraction (contraction)
Stage 4 of wound healing:
Remodelling: increase tissue strength
- granulation tissue matures to scar
- never achieve the same level of tissue strength as before
Which policy of price and police is not supported by peace?
Icing after acute injury
In the 3 days following acute injury, avoid:
- heat (hot baths, heat packs)
- moderate to vigorous activity
- massage
Which stage marks the beginning of wound healing?
Acute: peace, price, police
Which stage consists of rehabilitation?
Subacute: love (weeks)
Which stage consists of training?
Chronic: love (months)
PEACE
P- protect (restrict movement 1-3 days)
E- elevate (higher than heart)
A- avoid (NSAIDS, ice)
C- compress (limit edema and hematoma)
E- educate (benefits of active approach to recovery)
LOVE
L- load (active approach)
O- optimism (set good expectations)
V- vascularization (cardiovascular activity as cornerstone)
E- exercise (restore mobility, strength, proprioception)
Factors that impact wound healing
Nutrition, hypoxia (low oxygen), infection, immunusuppression, chronic disease, wound management, age, genetics, surgical technique
Timeline for wound healing:
- hemostasis (minutes/hours)
- inflammation (days)
- proliferation (weeks)
- remodelling (months/years)
