Sport Injury And Healing Process

Question 1

Sport injury

Answer 1

Tissue damage/derangement of normal physical function due to participation in sports

Question 2

Describe an acute, sudden onset injury

Answer 2

Occurs quick, in the moment (no warning)

Question 3

Describe a repetitive, gradual onset injury

Answer 3

Overuse injury from repetitive/excessive use

Question 4

Describe a repetitive, sudden onset injury

Answer 4

Tissue damage has been going on for a while, but the pain is new (symptoms of overuse that hit suddenly)

Question 5

Describe a direct contact injury

Answer 5

Injured upon area of contact (direct blow to acl)

Question 6

Describe a indirect contact injury

Answer 6

Injury resulting from derangement outside of the initial impact zone

Question 7

Describe a non-contact injury

Answer 7

Twisting, pulling, tripping, movement error, without external contact

Question 8

What qualifies as a soft-tissue injury?

Answer 8

Injury to cartilage, muscle, tendon, or ligaments

Question 9

Will bleeding occur in over-use injuries? (Hematoma)

Answer 9

No, mainly only in acute (traumatic) injures

Question 10

Describe articular cartilage

Answer 10

• Flexible cartilage
• smooth surface for joint movement
• end of bones

Question 11

Describe fibrocartilage

Answer 11

• Tough
• able to absorb loads
• discs of spine, meniscus

Question 12

What does a tendon connect?

Answer 12

Muscle to bone

Question 13

What is the name of the junction between a tendon and bone?

Answer 13

Enthesis

Question 14

What does a ligament connect?

Answer 14

Two bones together

Question 15

Tears are present in…

Answer 15

Muscle, ligaments, tendons

Question 16

Sprain are present in…

Answer 16

Ligaments

Question 17

Strains are present in…

Answer 17

Muscles and tendons

Question 18

Fractures occur in…

Answer 18

Bones

Question 19

Ruptures occur in…

Answer 19

Muscles, ligaments, tendons, internal organs

Question 20

Tissue properties: stiffness

Answer 20

• Ability of a tissue to resist a load
• elastic properties

Question 21

Tissue properties: yield point

Answer 21

• Limit of elastic behaviour and beginning of plastic behaviour

Question 22

Tissue properties: creep

Answer 22

• Deformation of occur shape/properties of tissue
• Due to persistent mechanical stress
• plastic changes

Question 23

Stage 1 of wound healing:

Answer 23

Homeostasis: prevent/stop bleeding (clot formation)

Question 24

What are the 4 steps for homeostasis?

Answer 24

1) vascular spasm
2) form platelet plug
3) blood clotting (coagulation cascade)
4) formation of final clot

Question 25

Stage 2 in wound healing:

Answer 25

Inflammation: recruitment of cells (neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes) to destroy debris and bacteria
- indicated by redness, warmth, swelling, pain, dysfunction

Question 26

Stage 3 in wound healing:

Answer 26

Proliferation: purpose of rebuilding
1) angiogenesis (form new blood vessels)
2) fibroblast migration (granulation tissue… collagen fibres and elastin)
3) epithelialization
4) wound retraction (contraction)

Question 27

Stage 4 of wound healing:

Answer 27

Remodelling: increase tissue strength
- granulation tissue matures to scar
- never achieve the same level of tissue strength as before

Question 28

Which policy of price and police is not supported by peace?

Answer 28

Icing after acute injury

Question 29

In the 3 days following acute injury, avoid:

Answer 29

• heat (hot baths, heat packs)
• moderate to vigorous activity
• massage

Question 30

Which stage marks the beginning of wound healing?

Answer 30

Acute: peace, price, police

Question 31

Which stage consists of rehabilitation?

Answer 31

Subacute: love (weeks)

Question 32

Which stage consists of training?

Answer 32

Chronic: love (months)

Question 33

PEACE

Answer 33

P- protect (restrict movement 1-3 days)
E- elevate (higher than heart)
A- avoid (NSAIDS, ice)
C- compress (limit edema and hematoma)
E- educate (benefits of active approach to recovery)

Question 34

LOVE

Answer 34

L- load (active approach)
O- optimism (set good expectations)
V- vascularization (cardiovascular activity as cornerstone)
E- exercise (restore mobility, strength, proprioception)

Question 35

Factors that impact wound healing

Answer 35

Nutrition, hypoxia (low oxygen), infection, immunusuppression, chronic disease, wound management, age, genetics, surgical technique

Question 36

Timeline for wound healing:

Answer 36

• hemostasis (minutes/hours)
• inflammation (days)
• proliferation (weeks)
• remodelling (months/years)