Athlete Infections Flashcards
Popular viruses
-influenza
-polio
Treatment for viruses
-antivirals
-prevention: vaccines
Popular bacteria infections
-tetanus
-tuberculosis
Treatment for bacterial infections
-antibiotics (finish entire course!)
-prevention: vaccines
Fungal infections and treatment
-yeast, mold, mushroom
-antifungals
-NO licensed vaccines
Disease causing parasites in humans
1) protozoa (giardia)
2) helminths (roundworm)
3) ectoparasites (lice, mites, ticks)
Treatment for parasites
-vaccines for domestic animals
-anti-parasitics
direct transmission
skin to skin
indirect transmission
touch infected substances (door knob)
droplet transmission
projectile, larger in size (sneeze)
airborne transmission
smaller particles (breathing)
vehicle transmission
eating/drinking pathogen
vector borne transmission
insects, pests
bloodborne transmission
cuts, unsafe handling of blood
mother to child transmission
during pregnancy/birth
General symptoms of infection
-fever, diarrhea, fatigue, muscle aches, coughing
When should you see a doctor?
-animal bite
-cough for more than a week
-breathing problems
-sever headache w/ fever
-rash/swelling
-prolonged/unexplained fever
-sudden vision problems
Most common systemic infections
1) respiratory
2) gastrointestinal
Which gender suffers from a higher average frequency of infection?
females
What relationship is described by the “J-shaped” curve
-sedentary behavior (average risk of infection)
-moderate PA (low risk)
-high PA (high risk)
What are some risk factors for infection in athletic pop?
-strenuous exercise (leukocyte depression)
-higher breathing rate (exposure)
-lack of sleep
-mental stress
-poor nutrition
URTI’s are most commonly which pathogen?
-Upper respiratory tract infections are mainly viral
Typical observation of URTI’s
-runny nose, sore throat, fatigue, low grade fever, cough
-usually 4-10 days
-management symptoms w/ fluids, pain control, rest
Neck check
ABOVE- nasal congestion, runny nose sore throat (can play cautiously)
BELOW- vomiting, diarrhea, fever (stop activity - rest!)
Infectious mononucleosis (mono)
-common
-Epstein-Barr VIRUS
-saliva (kissing)
-30 to 50 day incubation
-complication: enlarged spleen
treatment for mono
-rest, eat healthy, fluids
-tylenol, advil for soreness
-NO ANTIVIRALS
Influenza
-NOT the common cold
-highly contagious
-winter season (Oct-March)
Symptoms of influenza
(1-3) fever, headache, muscle pain and weakness, dry cough, sore throat, stuffy nose
(4) hoarse, dry cough and mild chest discomfort
(8) symptoms decrease, cough and tiredness
Complications of influenza
-dehydration, pneumonia,
bronchitis, myositis, death
Influenza treatment
-supportive care, hydration
-Tylenol/NSAIDS
-antivirals (within 48h onset)
-isolate (5 days)
Prevention of respiratory infections
-good nutrition, flu shot, proper rest, periodization, stay warm (avoid cold/wet), wash hands, avoid touching face, isolate symptomatic
Urinary tract infections (UTI)
-usually bacterial (E.coli)
-urge to urinate, burning sensation
UTI risk factors
-female, dehydration, intense exercise, poor hygiene, friction
UTI prevention
-stay hydrated, cranberry juice, hygiene, wear loose/breathable clothing
UTI treatment
-antibiotics, pain relief, increase fluid intake
Alternate name for otitis external
-“swimmer’s ear”
-usually bacterial
-itching, redness, hearing loss
Otitis external risk factors
-chronic moisture, trauma from foreign bodies, scratches (ear buds)
Otitis external prevention
-keep ears dry
-don’t damage skin
Otitis external treatment
-antibiotic/steroid combo
-NSAIDS (pain control)
Common skin infection in athletes
-cellulitis
-impetigo
-herpes simplex
-tinea
cellulitis
-acute spreading skin infection (dermal and subcutaneous)
-bacterial invasion into skin tissue
cellulitis symptoms
-pain, redness, swelling, warm tense skin (may have fever or not)
cellulitis treatment
-skin hygiene
-antibiotics (oral, must complete)
impetigo
-superficial skin infection (face)
-staphylococcus or streptococcus
-skin to skin contact
impetigo symptoms
-tender red papules (early)
-non tender vesicles (redness - later)
-honey colored crust (late)
impetigo treatment and RTS
-skin hygiene
-antibiotics (topical - mild, oral - more diffuse)
-72h after antibiotic completion (no new or moist lesions) RTS
Herpes simplex
-common in wrestlers (face, head, skin)
-skin to skin contact
-highly contagious
herpes simplex (HSV) symptoms
-at first mild flu-like
-rash appears (1-2) days later
-burn/tingle
-lesions (10-14) days
-reactivation (can be triggered later by stress, fever)
HSV treatment and RTS
-pain relief, keep dry
-oral antivirals
-free of systemic symptoms for 72h, no new/active lesions (RTS)
Tinea
-fungal skin infection
-highly contagious
-more common in sweaty areas (heat and moisture help fungi grow)
Alternate for tinea pedis
Athlete’s foot
-trichophyton, epidermophyton
Symptoms tinea pedis
-itching, scaling, vesicles
Treatment for tinea pedis
-topical or oral antifungals
