Muscle Injuries

Question 1

Isometric action

Answer 1

Length does not change, increase tension (“pulsing” bicep)

Question 2

Isotonic

Answer 2

Length does change (can be either concentric or eccentric)

Question 3

Concentric

Answer 3

Isotonic shortening of muscle while generating force (think “c” for contraction)

Question 4

Eccentric

Answer 4

Isotonic lengthening of muscle while generating force (think “e” for elongating)

Question 5

Direct muscle injuries

Answer 5

Contusion, laceration

Question 6

Indirect muscle injury

Answer 6

Muscle strain, DOMS, neuromuscular muscle disorders

Question 7

Muscle contusion

Answer 7

Muscle bruise (hematoma), from external force, contact sports,

Question 8

Treatment for muscle contusions

Answer 8

Acute stage (24-48 hours immobilization/compression, then progressive physio

Question 9

Acute compartment syndrome

Answer 9

Increased pressure (bleeding /swelling) inside muscle capsule

Question 10

Myositis ossificans

Answer 10

Formation of bone in muscle

Question 11

Muscle fibrosis

Answer 11

Bad rehab, increased scarring, limited Rom, pain

Question 12

Muscle strain

Answer 12

Due to tensile forces, usually close to myotendinous junction (mtj), pain on active contraction and passive stretch (common in hamstrings, quadriceps, gastrocnemius)

Question 13

Clinical grading of muscle strains

Answer 13

Grade 1 (mild)- few fibres
Grade 2 (moderate)- tissue damage (decreased power and ROM)
Grade 3 (severe)- complete tear, loss of muscle function

Question 14

Type l hamstring rupture

Answer 14

Sprinting related strain (biceps femoris), highly loaded in swing phase

Question 15

Type 2 hamstring rupture

Answer 15

Stretching related strain (semimembranosus), doesn’t need to occur fast

Question 16

Spinal/spinal-nerve related neuromuscular disorders

Answer 16

Nerve damage resulting in increased muscle tone, pain, tingling, numbness, weakness

Question 17

Neuromuscular endplate related muscle disorders

Answer 17

Muscle fatigue, dysfunction of neuromuscular control, over contraction, increased alpha motor neuron activity,