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KNES 372 (Sport Med) > Heart and Lung > Flashcards

Heart and Lung Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

Common respiratory infections

A

-bronchitis
-pertussis
-pnuemonia

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2
Q

Danger of pathogens on epithelium (inside)

A

-cause inflammation, increased mucus secretion (may lead to airway obstruction)

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3
Q

Common symptoms of lower respiratory infections

A

-cough, shortness of breath, fever, generalized malaise, chest pain

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4
Q

Diagnosis of lower respiratory infections

A

-X rays, CRP blood test, microbiological tests

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5
Q

Bronchitis

A

-inflammation of the lining of bronchial tubes
-mostly viral

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6
Q

symptoms of bronchitis

A

-nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, mild cough
-increased cough > 10 days, fatigue, fever, shortness of breath, tightness/pain in the chest

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7
Q

Treatment of bronchitis

A

-suspension of training, hydration, cough suppressant, asthma inhalers

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8
Q

Cough > 3 weeks

A

-likely not bronchitis
-potential asthma, pertussis

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9
Q

Bronchitis RTS

A

-gradual return once symptoms resolve

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10
Q

Pertussis

A

-highly contagious, acute respiratory illness
-severe spasmodic coughing episodes
-bacterial infection

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11
Q

Pertussis treatment and prevention

A

-antibiotics, supportive (rest, fluids)
-cough mixtures and suppressants won’t work
-prevention: vaccine

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12
Q

Pneumonia

A

-infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs (fill with fluid or pus)
-could be bacterial, viral, or fungal

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13
Q

Symptoms of pneumonia

A

-persistent cough, fever, chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, cyanosis, headache, muscle ache, fatigue, confusion

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14
Q

Diagnosis of pneumonia

A

-physical examination, X-ray (looking for white spots), lab tests

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15
Q

Pneumothorax

A

-air leaks into the space between the lung and chest wall
-causes wall collapse
-sudden chest pain and shortness of breath

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16
Q

Which population is likely to have spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

tall, young, males

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17
Q

Causes of pneumothorax

A

-spontaneous
-trauma (chest injury, broken rib)
-damage from underlying disease

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18
Q

Diagnosis of pneumothorax

A

-physical exam, chest X-ray, CT

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19
Q

Treatment of pneumothorax

A

-small (less than 15%) conservative treatment and monitoring
-larger (>15%) install chest tube in the lung for re-expansion

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20
Q

Asthma

A

-“reversible airway disease”
-airway narrowing and inflammation
-wheezing (EXPIRATORY)
-cough, chest tightness w/ exercise

21
Q

PFT

A

-pulmonary function test (asthma)

22
Q

Types of PFT

A

-spirometry: airflow
-diffusing capacity: oxygen and C02 exchange efficiency
-bronchodilator reversibility: see if performance improves w/ bronchodilator
-exercise testing: exercise induced asthma (EIA) or exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB)

23
Q

Rapid, short term asthma treatments

A

-short acting beta agonist
-oral and intravenous corticosteroids
-ipratropium

24
Q

EIA

A

-exercise induced asthma
-underlying, exercise triggers

25
Q

EIB

A

-exercise induced bronchospasm
-no history of asthma

26
Q

What condition may further exasperate EIA or EIB

A

-cold, outdoors

27
Q

ECG/EKG waves

A

P = atrial contraction
QRS = ventricular contraction
T = recovery of ventricles

28
Q

HR w/ tachycardia

A

> 100 bpm

29
Q

HR w/ bradycardia

A

<60 bpm (common in athletes)

30
Q

HR 2 y/o

A

80-130 bpm

31
Q

HR adult

A

60-100 bpm

32
Q

Premature atrial contraction (PAC)

A

-changes in P wave, early beat
-palpations
-caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, fatigue, and underlying heart conditions
-bet blockers if frequent and symptomatic

33
Q

Echocariogram

A

-ultrasound of size/shape/function of valves, chambers, and muscles

34
Q

Athlete’s heart

A

-strengthening of left ventricle (muscle), increase chamber size w/ training
-maximal stroke volume and cardiac output increase
-lower resting HR

35
Q

What harmless indicators may appear w/ athletes heart

A

-bradycardia (<60 bpm)
-systolic murmur
-extra heart sounds

36
Q

Causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD)

A

-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
-commotio cordis
-myocarditis

37
Q

SCD

A

-death likely first indicator of problem
-male, high school, little older
-underlying, undiagnosed heart condition

38
Q

SCD athletes < 35

A

-genetic and acquired cardiovascular abnormalities

39
Q

SCD athletes > 35

A

–atherosclerotic coronary artery disease

40
Q

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

-genetic condition
-LV hypertrophy (tachycardia)
-widened septum (barrier btwn ventricles)

41
Q

Treatment for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

-beta blockers
-blood thinners
-surgery
-implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

42
Q

Commotio cordis

A

-blunt chest trauma over heart (sternum)
-sudden cardiac arrest
-hit just before T wave
-prevent: chest protectors

43
Q

Myocarditis

A

-inflammation of the heart muscle
-65% viral infection

44
Q

Myocarditis symptoms

A

-chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath
-can cause arrhythmias (rhythm)
-increase risk of blood clots

45
Q

Diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis

A

-EKG, echo, blood test, MRI
-prolonged rest
-arrhythmia medication

46
Q

Who should get screened for heart diseases?

A

-any syncope symptoms
-exercise related chest pain
-heart rate irregularity
-family history of cardiovascular disease

47
Q

Marfan syndrome

A

-genetic disorder impacting connective tissues
-increased risk for cardiac and pulmonary problems

48
Q

Signs of marfan syndrome

A

-tall, slender, crowded teeth, sternum caves in/out, flexible joints, curved spine, high pressure in eye, cystic changes in lungs, abnormal heart sounds

KNES 372 (Sport Med) (24 decks)

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