Exercise in hot/cold Flashcards
thermoregulation
process of maintaining a normothermic body temperature
If the body needs to warm up
-vasoconstriction
-thermogenesis
If the body needs to cool down
-vasodilation
-sweating
Mechanisms of heat loss
1) radiation
2) convection (air)
3) conduction (touching)
4) evaporation
Heat illnesses
mild - heat edema, heat rash, heat syncope, heat cramps
major- heat exhaustion, heat stroke
heat edema
-normal core temp
-peripheral vasodilation
-pooling of fluids in distal limbs
-soft tissue swelling
Heat edema treatment
-elevation of hands/feet
-compressive stockings
-hydration and salt intake
-no diuretics
Heat rash
-normal core temp
-sweating clogs glands
-blister like rash (risk of secondary infection)
Heat rash treatment
-cool skin, prevent sweating
-loose and light clothing
-shower in cool water, air dry
-mild anti-inflammatory lotion
heat syncope
-normal core temp
-quick recovery once supine
-pass out (low BP, peripheral vasodilation and venous pooling)
heat syncope treatment
-supine (laying down)
-elevate legs
-hydrate
-check injuries and cardiovascular/central nervous system for serious causes
heat cramps
-normal or elevated core temp
-electrolyte depletion
-sodium loss
-unclear evidence
Heat cramps from prolonged exercise (>2h) common muscle groups;
-thigh, calf, abdominal, back, shoulder muscles
heat cramps treatment
-removal from activity, hydration, light stretching/massage, cooling w/ ice (seek help >1h)
Heat exhaustion
-elevated core temp (37-40C)
-fatigue, dizziness, heavy sweating, headache, vomiting, weakness, cold or clammy skin
-avoid progression to heat stroke
heat exhaustion treatment
-removal from heat, supine, elevate legs, cool, hydrate, monitor core temp (help >1h)
heat stroke
-elevated core temp (40C+)
-central nervous system disturbance, irritability, ataxia, confusion, coma, seizures
Classic heat stroke
-environmental heat waves
Exertional heat stroke
-intrinsic heat production (exercise)
heat stroke treatment
-assess ABC
-reduce heat as quick as possible!!
-cold water immersion, monitor
-call for medical assistance
Heat stroke potential complications
-seizure, hypotension, arrhythmias, damage of vital organs, rhabdomyolysis
rhabdomyolysis
-failure of skeletal muscle
-leads to other system failure (cardiovascular, pulmonary, etc.)
WBGT
-wet bulb glob temperature
-measure of heat stress in direct sunlight
-temp, humidity, wind speed, sun, cloud cover
hyponatremia
-sodium < 130 mmol/L
-nausea, vomiting, altered mental status, seizure, coma, death
-normal core temp
RTS heat exhaustion, heat stroke
-mild within 24h
-heat exhaustion (next day lacking symptoms)
-heat stroke (1 month)
hypothermia
-heat loss exceeds production
-core body temp <35C
-shivering (increase metabolism)
-superficial blood vessels constrict (reduce heat loss)
Mild hypothermia (35-37C)
-feeling cold, shivering, incoordination, apathy
Moderate hypothermia (32-34C)
-loss of shivering, confusion, sleepiness, slurred speech, decreased physiologic functioning, cardiac arrhythmias
-changes in behavior
severe hypothermia (<32C)
-major metabolic and physiologic abnormalities
-asystole (cardiac arrest @ 18C)
Hypothermia treatment
-passive core rewarming, warm/dry place, remove wet clothing, warm fluids, apply heat to trunk, axilla, and groin, don’t apply heat to extremities!!, monitor
frostbite
-freezing of body tissues
-distal to proximal
-superficial to deep
frostnip
-superficial skin is frozen
mild frostbite (superficial)
-freezing of skin and subcutaneous
severe frostbite (deep)
-freezing below skin (muscle, tendon, bone)
Deep frostbite analysis
-involves subdermal layer
-skin is grey/white, hard, insensitive, becomes black
-loss of tissue, loss of body part
frostbite treatment
-check for hypothermia
-rewarm with warm water (39-42C)
-pain medication and antibiotics
External risk factors for cold injury
-cold weather, rain and wind, wet clothing
Internal risk factors for cold injury
-previous cold injury, body size and composition, sex, medical conditions
Cold injury prevention
-screen, educate, hydrate, proper nutrition, monitor environmental conditions, proper clothing, training in comp environment, EAP
