Exercise in hot/cold

Question 1

thermoregulation

Answer 1

process of maintaining a normothermic body temperature

Question 2

If the body needs to warm up

Answer 2

-vasoconstriction
-thermogenesis

Question 3

If the body needs to cool down

Answer 3

-vasodilation
-sweating

Question 4

Mechanisms of heat loss

Answer 4

1) radiation
2) convection (air)
3) conduction (touching)
4) evaporation

Question 5

Heat illnesses

Answer 5

mild - heat edema, heat rash, heat syncope, heat cramps
major- heat exhaustion, heat stroke

Question 6

heat edema

Answer 6

-normal core temp
-peripheral vasodilation
-pooling of fluids in distal limbs
-soft tissue swelling

Question 7

Heat edema treatment

Answer 7

-elevation of hands/feet
-compressive stockings
-hydration and salt intake
-no diuretics

Question 8

Heat rash

Answer 8

-normal core temp
-sweating clogs glands
-blister like rash (risk of secondary infection)

Question 9

Heat rash treatment

Answer 9

-cool skin, prevent sweating
-loose and light clothing
-shower in cool water, air dry
-mild anti-inflammatory lotion

Question 10

heat syncope

Answer 10

-normal core temp
-quick recovery once supine
-pass out (low BP, peripheral vasodilation and venous pooling)

Question 11

heat syncope treatment

Answer 11

-supine (laying down)
-elevate legs
-hydrate
-check injuries and cardiovascular/central nervous system for serious causes

Question 12

heat cramps

Answer 12

-normal or elevated core temp
-electrolyte depletion
-sodium loss
-unclear evidence

Question 13

Heat cramps from prolonged exercise (>2h) common muscle groups;

Answer 13

-thigh, calf, abdominal, back, shoulder muscles

Question 14

heat cramps treatment

Answer 14

-removal from activity, hydration, light stretching/massage, cooling w/ ice (seek help >1h)

Question 15

Heat exhaustion

Answer 15

-elevated core temp (37-40C)
-fatigue, dizziness, heavy sweating, headache, vomiting, weakness, cold or clammy skin
-avoid progression to heat stroke

Question 16

heat exhaustion treatment

Answer 16

-removal from heat, supine, elevate legs, cool, hydrate, monitor core temp (help >1h)

Question 17

heat stroke

Answer 17

-elevated core temp (40C+)
-central nervous system disturbance, irritability, ataxia, confusion, coma, seizures

Question 18

Classic heat stroke

Answer 18

-environmental heat waves

Question 19

Exertional heat stroke

Answer 19

-intrinsic heat production (exercise)

Question 20

heat stroke treatment

Answer 20

-assess ABC
-reduce heat as quick as possible!!
-cold water immersion, monitor
-call for medical assistance

Question 21

Heat stroke potential complications

Answer 21

-seizure, hypotension, arrhythmias, damage of vital organs, rhabdomyolysis

Question 22

rhabdomyolysis

Answer 22

-failure of skeletal muscle
-leads to other system failure (cardiovascular, pulmonary, etc.)

Question 23

WBGT

Answer 23

-wet bulb glob temperature
-measure of heat stress in direct sunlight
-temp, humidity, wind speed, sun, cloud cover

Question 24

hyponatremia

Answer 24

-sodium < 130 mmol/L
-nausea, vomiting, altered mental status, seizure, coma, death
-normal core temp

Question 25

RTS heat exhaustion, heat stroke

Answer 25

-mild within 24h
-heat exhaustion (next day lacking symptoms)
-heat stroke (1 month)

Question 26

hypothermia

Answer 26

-heat loss exceeds production
-core body temp <35C
-shivering (increase metabolism)
-superficial blood vessels constrict (reduce heat loss)

Question 27

Mild hypothermia (35-37C)

Answer 27

-feeling cold, shivering, incoordination, apathy

Question 28

Moderate hypothermia (32-34C)

Answer 28

-loss of shivering, confusion, sleepiness, slurred speech, decreased physiologic functioning, cardiac arrhythmias
-changes in behavior

Question 29

severe hypothermia (<32C)

Answer 29

-major metabolic and physiologic abnormalities
-asystole (cardiac arrest @ 18C)

Question 30

Hypothermia treatment

Answer 30

-passive core rewarming, warm/dry place, remove wet clothing, warm fluids, apply heat to trunk, axilla, and groin, don’t apply heat to extremities!!, monitor

Question 31

frostbite

Answer 31

-freezing of body tissues
-distal to proximal
-superficial to deep

Question 32

frostnip

Answer 32

-superficial skin is frozen

Question 33

mild frostbite (superficial)

Answer 33

-freezing of skin and subcutaneous

Question 34

severe frostbite (deep)

Answer 34

-freezing below skin (muscle, tendon, bone)

Question 35

Deep frostbite analysis

Answer 35

-involves subdermal layer
-skin is grey/white, hard, insensitive, becomes black
-loss of tissue, loss of body part

Question 36

frostbite treatment

Answer 36

-check for hypothermia
-rewarm with warm water (39-42C)
-pain medication and antibiotics

Question 37

External risk factors for cold injury

Answer 37

-cold weather, rain and wind, wet clothing

Question 38

Internal risk factors for cold injury

Answer 38

-previous cold injury, body size and composition, sex, medical conditions

Question 39

Cold injury prevention

Answer 39

-screen, educate, hydrate, proper nutrition, monitor environmental conditions, proper clothing, training in comp environment, EAP