Spirometry

Question 1

what is tidal volume (TV)?

Answer 1

normal quiet breathing

Question 2

what is inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)?

Answer 2

amount of air we can breathe in above tidal volume

Question 3

what is expiratory reserve volume (ERV)?

Answer 3

amount of air we can breathe out after tidal volume

Question 4

what is residual volume (RV)?

Answer 4

amount of air left in the lung after breathing out vital capacity

Question 5

what is inspiratory capacity?

Answer 5

TV + IRV
amount of air we can breathe in from the start of tidal volume to the maximum possible inspiration

Question 6

what is functional residual capacity?

Answer 6

ERV + RV
(air breathed out + remaining air in lungs)

Question 7

what is vital capacity?

Answer 7

TV + IRV + ERV
amount of air breathed out from maximum possible inspiration to maximum voluntary expiration

Question 8

what is total lung capacity?

Answer 8

TV + IRV + ERV + RV

Question 9

what lung volume cannot be measured on spirometry?

Answer 9

residual volume (RV)

Question 10

which lung capacities cannot be measured on spirometry?

Answer 10

total lung capacity
functional residual capacity
(need residual volume)

Question 11

where does airway resistance occur?

Answer 11

medium sized bronchioles

Question 12

increased airway resistance is due to ____

Answer 12

narrowed/constricted airway
(eg. PSNS, low lung vol, histamine, forced expiration, etc)

Question 13

what pathology is associated with increased airway resistance?

Answer 13

asthma

Question 14

what expiratory sound does asthma have?

Answer 14

wheeze

Question 15

what are the 2 zones of the respiratory system?

Answer 15

conducting zone
respiratory zone

Question 16

area of the respiratory passages that does not participate in gas exchange is known as ____

Answer 16

dead space

Question 17

where does gas exchange occur?

Answer 17

alveoli

Question 18

the area where gas exchange occurs is called the ____

Answer 18

respiratory zone

Question 19

the bronchi are part of the ____ zone

Answer 19

conducting

Question 20

what is the anatomical dead space?

Answer 20

150mL of air in the bronchi (conducting zone)

Question 21

what is the physiological dead space?

Answer 21

measured by ventilation/perfusion ratio

Question 22

what is ventilation?

Answer 22

air in lung

Question 23

what is perfusion?

Answer 23

air in the blood

Question 24

determine FRC in L using the following values:
ERV= 2.0
IRV= 6.0
TV= 0.5
RV= 1.0

Answer 24

FRC= ERV + RV
= 2 + 1
= 3.0 L

Question 25

determine residual volume using the following values:
dead space = 150mL
FRC = 3L
TV = 650mL
ERV = 1.5L
TLC = 8L
respiratory rate = 15 breaths/min

Answer 25

RV = FRC - ERV
= 3L - 1.5L
= 1.5L