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NYCC Systems Phys > Neural Regulation of the Heart > Flashcards

Neural Regulation of the Heart Flashcards

1
Q

what law describes the intrinsic regulation of the heart?

A

Frank-Starling’s law

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2
Q

what is Frank-Starling’s law?

A

Venous return = cardiac output
(what goes in must go out)

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3
Q

what is responsible for extrinsic regulation of the heart?

A

ANS

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4
Q

what happens when sympathetics to the heart are increased?

A

increased HR and SV

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5
Q

what is the mechanism of action of increased sympathetic activity on the heart?

A

increased Na/Ca in and increased conduction velocity

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6
Q

how do sympathetics increase heart rate?

A

increase rate of SA/AV node firing

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7
Q

how do sympathetics increase stroke volume?

A

stimulate cardiac myocytes which increases contractility
(increase EDV, decrease ESV)

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8
Q

what does decreased sympathetics to the heart cause?

A

decreased HR and SV

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9
Q

what effect do parasympathetics have on the heart?

A

decrease HR

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10
Q

what is the mechanism of parasympathetic action on the heart?

A

hyperpolarizes SA/AV nodes by increasing K+ out

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11
Q

what sympathetic neurotransmitter is released at the heart, and what is the receptor?

A

NE -> beta 1 adrenergic

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12
Q

what condition at the AV or SA node will cause a decrease in heart rate?

A

increased K+ permeability (out) -> hyperpolarization

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13
Q

an increased rate of upward drift of the RMP for the SA node is a result of ____ stimulation

A

sympathetic

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14
Q

what is the origin of parasympathetics to the heart?

A

vagus nerve

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15
Q

what parasympathetic NT is released at the heart and what is the receptor?

A

Ach -> muscarinic

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16
Q

increased force of contraction is caused by ____ stimulation

A

sympathetic

17
Q

With severe blood loss and a BP of 90/55mmHg, what are the expected changes to:
a) heart rate
b) sympathetic activity
c) total peripheral resistance

A

a) increase (decreased PSNS)
b) increase (drop in BP-> baroreceptors-> SNS)
c) increase (SNS-> constriction)

18
Q

at the onset of exercise, ____ impulses to the heart increases

A

sympathetic

19
Q

during exercise, sympathetic output causes arteriolar ____ and vaso____

A

arteriolar constriction
venoconstriction

20
Q

what happens to venous reservoirs as a result of sympathetic stimulation?

A

constriction

NYCC Systems Phys (42 decks)

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