Female Reproduction Flashcards
onset of puberty causes the hypothalamus to release ____
gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
GnRH causes the ____ to release ____ & ____
anterior pituitary
LH & FSH
during the 12 hours preceding ovulation, ____ is secreted from the pituitary
a surge of LH
when do progesterone levels rise to their highest point?
between ovulation and beginning of menstruation
a decrease in which hormones accompanies sloughing of the endometrium during the endometrial cycle in normal women?
progesterone & estrogen
FSH causes ____ cells to secrete ____ & ____
granulosa cells
estrogens & inhibin
FSH causes…
the follicle to mature
what happens to estrogen from day 1-14, which is termed the ____ stage?
estrogen increases
follicular stage
what changes occur in the uterine lining during the follicular phase?
begins building the endometrium of uterus
what are the effects of estrogen during the follicular stage?
- development of female secondary sex characteristics
- decreased muscle mass
- stimulates bone growth
- closes bone growth plate
what is the function of inhibin?
decreases secretion of FSH and LH by anterior pituitary
What cells secrete LH?
thecal cells & granulosa cells
LH is released during the ____ phase
luteal/secretory
when does LH peak?
day 14
a peak in ____ causes ovulation
LH
during the week after ovulation, what stimulates the increase in thickness of the endometrium?
progesterone from the corpus luteum
(days 14-16)
what are the effects of progesterone from days 14-16?
- thickens uterine lining
- thickens cervical mucous
- prepares uterus for implantation of fertilized egg
the source of estrogen as menstruation ends causing estrogen levels in the blood to rapidly rise is…
developing follicles (granulosa cells)
before the preovulatory surge in LH, granulosa cells of the follicle secrete ____
estrogen (estradiol)
after menopause, HRT with estrogen-like compounds effectively prevents progression of osteoporosis because they stimulate…
osteoblast activity
in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of the female, ____ cells produce inhibin
granulosa
fertilization normally occurs in the ____
ampulla of fallopian tube
what inhibits release of GnRH, FSH and LH from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?
estrogen & progesterone
drop in ____ leads to menses
progesterone
Progesterone is produced by the ____
Corpus luteum
