Female Reproduction

Question 1

onset of puberty causes the hypothalamus to release ____

Answer 1

gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 2

GnRH causes the ____ to release ____ & ____

Answer 2

anterior pituitary
LH & FSH

Question 3

during the 12 hours preceding ovulation, ____ is secreted from the pituitary

Answer 3

a surge of LH

Question 4

when do progesterone levels rise to their highest point?

Answer 4

between ovulation and beginning of menstruation

Question 5

a decrease in which hormones accompanies sloughing of the endometrium during the endometrial cycle in normal women?

Answer 5

progesterone & estrogen

Question 6

FSH causes ____ cells to secrete ____ & ____

Answer 6

granulosa cells
estrogens & inhibin

Question 7

FSH causes…

Answer 7

the follicle to mature

Question 8

what happens to estrogen from day 1-14, which is termed the ____ stage?

Answer 8

estrogen increases
follicular stage

Question 9

what changes occur in the uterine lining during the follicular phase?

Answer 9

begins building the endometrium of uterus

Question 10

what are the effects of estrogen during the follicular stage?

Answer 10

• development of female secondary sex characteristics
• decreased muscle mass
• stimulates bone growth
• closes bone growth plate

Question 11

what is the function of inhibin?

Answer 11

decreases secretion of FSH and LH by anterior pituitary

Question 12

What cells secrete LH?

Answer 12

thecal cells & granulosa cells

Question 13

LH is released during the ____ phase

Answer 13

luteal/secretory

Question 14

when does LH peak?

Answer 14

day 14

Question 15

a peak in ____ causes ovulation

Answer 15

LH

Question 16

during the week after ovulation, what stimulates the increase in thickness of the endometrium?

Answer 16

progesterone from the corpus luteum
(days 14-16)

Question 17

what are the effects of progesterone from days 14-16?

Answer 17

• thickens uterine lining
• thickens cervical mucous
• prepares uterus for implantation of fertilized egg

Question 18

the source of estrogen as menstruation ends causing estrogen levels in the blood to rapidly rise is…

Answer 18

developing follicles (granulosa cells)

Question 19

before the preovulatory surge in LH, granulosa cells of the follicle secrete ____

Answer 19

estrogen (estradiol)

Question 20

after menopause, HRT with estrogen-like compounds effectively prevents progression of osteoporosis because they stimulate…

Answer 20

osteoblast activity

Question 21

in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of the female, ____ cells produce inhibin

Answer 21

granulosa

Question 22

fertilization normally occurs in the ____

Answer 22

ampulla of fallopian tube

Question 23

what inhibits release of GnRH, FSH and LH from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?

Answer 23

estrogen & progesterone

Question 24

drop in ____ leads to menses

Answer 24

progesterone

Question 25

Progesterone is produced by the ____

Answer 25

Corpus luteum