ANS: Sympathetic

Question 1

____ spinal cord level contains the entire population of preganglionic sympathetic neurons

Answer 1

T1-L2 (lateral horn)

Question 2

describe the pathway of sympathetic neurons from the lateral horn

Answer 2

lateral horn
anterior root
white rami
sympathetic chain
gray rami

Question 3

where do preganglionic sympathetic neurons synapse?

Answer 3

1. sympathetic chain ganglia at level of spinal cord
2. pass up or down, then synapse
3. peripheral ganglia

Question 4

what is the NT and receptor of preganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Answer 4

Ach
nicotinic

Question 5

what is the NT and receptor of postganglionic sympathetic neurons?

Answer 5

norepinephrine
adrenergic

Question 6

8% of skeletal nerve contains sympathetic fibers which innervate…

Answer 6

BVs
sweat glands
piloerector (hair)

Question 7

sympathetic fibers that innervate BVs, sweat glands and piloerector muscles release what NT?

Answer 7

Ach

Question 8

name 4 types of adrenergic receptors

Answer 8

alpha (a)
beta (B)
B1
B2

Question 9

alpha adrenergic receptors respond to ____

Answer 9

NE or E

Question 10

location of alpha adrenergic receptors

Answer 10

blood vessels

Question 11

beta adrenergic receptors respond to ____

Answer 11

epinephrine

Question 12

location of B1 adrenergic receptors

Answer 12

heart & adipose

Question 13

effect of adrenergic receptors in the heart

Answer 13

increase HR
increase contractility

Question 14

effect of adrenergic receptors in adipose

Answer 14

lipolysis

Question 15

location of B2 adrenergic receptors

Answer 15

bronchi
skeletal muscle
liver

Question 16

effect of adrenergic receptors in bronchi

Answer 16

dilation

Question 17

effect of adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscle

Answer 17

dilates BVs
glycogenolysis

Question 18

effect of adrenergic receptors in liver

Answer 18

glycogenolysis

Question 19

cells of the adrenal medulla receive synaptic input from ____ neurons

Answer 19

preganglionic sympathetic

Question 20

sweat glands & piloerector muscles of hairy skin are innervated by ____ fibers

Answer 20

cholinergic postganglionic sympathetic

Question 21

the excitatory or inhibitory effect of a postganglionic sympathetic fiber is determined by…

Answer 21

function of postsynaptic receptor it binds to

Question 22

____ cholinergic receptors are found at synapses between pre- and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system

Answer 22

nicotinic

Question 23

____ activates adrenergic alpha and beta receptors equally well

Answer 23

epinephrine

Question 24

the function of ____ is dominated by the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 24

systemic blood vessels

Question 25

what would cause vasodilation of systemic arterioles?

Answer 25

decreased activation of postganglionic sympathetic neurons

Question 26

vasodilation or vasoconstriction of blood vessels upon warming or cooling is an example of ____ sympathetic action

Answer 26

local or discrete

Question 27

sympathetic function in eye

Answer 27

pupillary dilation

Question 28

sympathetic function in glands

Answer 28

stimulate sweat glands (cholinergic) & apocrine (armpit) glands (adrenergic)

Question 29

sympathetic function in GI tract

Answer 29

inhibits action of GI tract

Question 30

sympathetic function in heart

Answer 30

increase HR & contractility

Question 31

sympathetic function in blood vessels

Answer 31

vasoconstriction or turn off to cause dilation

Question 32

sympathetic function in lungs

Answer 32

opens bronchioles