ANS: Sympathetic Flashcards
____ spinal cord level contains the entire population of preganglionic sympathetic neurons
T1-L2 (lateral horn)
describe the pathway of sympathetic neurons from the lateral horn
lateral horn
anterior root
white rami
sympathetic chain
gray rami
where do preganglionic sympathetic neurons synapse?
- sympathetic chain ganglia at level of spinal cord
- pass up or down, then synapse
- peripheral ganglia
what is the NT and receptor of preganglionic sympathetic neurons?
Ach
nicotinic
what is the NT and receptor of postganglionic sympathetic neurons?
norepinephrine
adrenergic
8% of skeletal nerve contains sympathetic fibers which innervate…
BVs
sweat glands
piloerector (hair)
sympathetic fibers that innervate BVs, sweat glands and piloerector muscles release what NT?
Ach
name 4 types of adrenergic receptors
alpha (a)
beta (B)
B1
B2
alpha adrenergic receptors respond to ____
NE or E
location of alpha adrenergic receptors
blood vessels
beta adrenergic receptors respond to ____
epinephrine
location of B1 adrenergic receptors
heart & adipose
effect of adrenergic receptors in the heart
increase HR
increase contractility
effect of adrenergic receptors in adipose
lipolysis
location of B2 adrenergic receptors
bronchi
skeletal muscle
liver
effect of adrenergic receptors in bronchi
dilation
effect of adrenergic receptors in skeletal muscle
dilates BVs
glycogenolysis
effect of adrenergic receptors in liver
glycogenolysis
cells of the adrenal medulla receive synaptic input from ____ neurons
preganglionic sympathetic
sweat glands & piloerector muscles of hairy skin are innervated by ____ fibers
cholinergic postganglionic sympathetic
the excitatory or inhibitory effect of a postganglionic sympathetic fiber is determined by…
function of postsynaptic receptor it binds to
____ cholinergic receptors are found at synapses between pre- and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic system
nicotinic
____ activates adrenergic alpha and beta receptors equally well
epinephrine
the function of ____ is dominated by the sympathetic nervous system
systemic blood vessels
what would cause vasodilation of systemic arterioles?
decreased activation of postganglionic sympathetic neurons
vasodilation or vasoconstriction of blood vessels upon warming or cooling is an example of ____ sympathetic action
local or discrete
sympathetic function in eye
pupillary dilation
sympathetic function in glands
stimulate sweat glands (cholinergic) & apocrine (armpit) glands (adrenergic)
sympathetic function in GI tract
inhibits action of GI tract
sympathetic function in heart
increase HR & contractility
sympathetic function in blood vessels
vasoconstriction or turn off to cause dilation
sympathetic function in lungs
opens bronchioles
