Hypothalamus-Adrenal Axis (HPA)

Question 1

chronic stress causes the hypothalamus to produce ____

Answer 1

corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 2

corticotropic releasing hormone stimulates…

Answer 2

anterior pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 3

ACTH causes production of ____ in the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland

Answer 3

mineralcorticoids: aldosterone

Question 4

ACTH causes production of ____ in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal gland

Answer 4

glucocorticoids: cortisol

Question 5

ACTH causes production of ____ in the zona reticularis of the adrenal gland

Answer 5

DHEA & androstenodione

Question 6

Aldosterone acts on the ____

Answer 6

principal cells of distal convoluted tubule

Question 7

How does aldosterone affect the Na/K ATPase pump?

Answer 7

increases activity

Question 8

How does aldosterone affect Na and K in blood?

Answer 8

increases Na
decreases K

Question 9

How does aldosterone affect Na and K in urine?

Answer 9

decreases Na in urine
increases K in urine

Question 10

What are the effects of cortisol?

Answer 10

1. Liver elevates blood glucose
2. blocks Glut 4 transporters in muscle
3. decreases WBC & inflammation and therefore decreases immune defense

Question 11

aldosterone can also be released by the ____ system

Answer 11

RAAS

Question 12

what causes release of renin from JG cells?

Answer 12

low Na or high K in blood

Question 13

what does renin do in the RAAS system?

Answer 13

converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Question 14

what is the function of ACE in the RAAS system?

Answer 14

converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Question 15

what is the function of angiotensin II?

Answer 15

causes release of aldosterone

Question 16

a high K diet will likely cause an increased secretion of ____

Answer 16

aldosterone