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NYCC Systems Phys > Glucose Homeostasis: Hypoglycemia > Flashcards

Glucose Homeostasis: Hypoglycemia Flashcards

1
Q

hypoglycemia causes the release of what hormones?

A

glucagon
growth hormone
somatomedin C
epinephrine
cortisol

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2
Q

alpha cells of the pancreas respond to…

A

hypoglycemia only

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3
Q

alpha cells of the pancreas release ____

A

glucagon

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4
Q

target organs of glucagon

A

liver & adipose

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5
Q

effect of glucagon on adipose

A

lipolysis

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6
Q

effects of glucagon on liver

A
  • glycogenolysis
  • gluconeogenesis
  • ketogenesis (beta oxidation of fats)
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7
Q

hypothalamus responds to ____

A

hypoglycemia & exercise or sleep

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8
Q

hypothalamus releases ____

A

growth hormone & somatomedin C

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9
Q

target organ & effect of growth hormone

A

liver:
releases insulin like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)

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10
Q

target organ & effect of somatomedin C

A

muscle:
- increases AA uptake, protein synthesis, fat utilization
- decreases protein breakdown, carbohydrate utilization

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11
Q

adrenal medulla responds to…

A

hypoglycemia & acute stress

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12
Q

adrenal medulla releases ____

A

epinephrine

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13
Q

target organs of epinephrine

A

liver
adipose
muscle

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14
Q

effect of epinephrine on liver

A
  • glycogenolysis
  • gluconeogenesis
  • ketogenesis (beta oxidation of fats)
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15
Q

effect of epinephrine on adipose

A

lipolysis

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16
Q

effect of epinephrine on muscle

A
  • glycogenolysis
  • Krebs cycle
  • ketogenesis (Beta oxidation of fats)
17
Q

adrenal cortex responds to…

A

chronic stress and does NOT need hypoglycemia to be stimulated

18
Q

adrenal cortex releases ____

A

cortisol

19
Q

target organs of cortisol

A

liver
adipose
muscle

20
Q

effects of cortisol on liver

A
  • glycogenolysis
  • gluconeogenesis
  • ketogenesis (beta oxidation of fats)
21
Q

effect of cortisol on adipose

A

lipolysis

22
Q

effect of cortisol on muscle

A

blocks Glut 4 transporter

23
Q

glucagon increases glycogenolysis in the ____

A

liver

24
Q

cortisol and growth hormone are most dissimilar in their metabolic effects on…

A

protein synthesis in muscle

NYCC Systems Phys (42 decks)

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