Glucose Homeostasis: Hypoglycemia Flashcards
hypoglycemia causes the release of what hormones?
glucagon
growth hormone
somatomedin C
epinephrine
cortisol
alpha cells of the pancreas respond to…
hypoglycemia only
alpha cells of the pancreas release ____
glucagon
target organs of glucagon
liver & adipose
effect of glucagon on adipose
lipolysis
effects of glucagon on liver
- glycogenolysis
- gluconeogenesis
- ketogenesis (beta oxidation of fats)
hypothalamus responds to ____
hypoglycemia & exercise or sleep
hypothalamus releases ____
growth hormone & somatomedin C
target organ & effect of growth hormone
liver:
releases insulin like growth factor 1 (somatomedin C)
target organ & effect of somatomedin C
muscle:
- increases AA uptake, protein synthesis, fat utilization
- decreases protein breakdown, carbohydrate utilization
adrenal medulla responds to…
hypoglycemia & acute stress
adrenal medulla releases ____
epinephrine
target organs of epinephrine
liver
adipose
muscle
effect of epinephrine on liver
- glycogenolysis
- gluconeogenesis
- ketogenesis (beta oxidation of fats)
effect of epinephrine on adipose
lipolysis
effect of epinephrine on muscle
- glycogenolysis
- Krebs cycle
- ketogenesis (Beta oxidation of fats)
adrenal cortex responds to…
chronic stress and does NOT need hypoglycemia to be stimulated
adrenal cortex releases ____
cortisol
target organs of cortisol
liver
adipose
muscle
effects of cortisol on liver
- glycogenolysis
- gluconeogenesis
- ketogenesis (beta oxidation of fats)
effect of cortisol on adipose
lipolysis
effect of cortisol on muscle
blocks Glut 4 transporter
glucagon increases glycogenolysis in the ____
liver
cortisol and growth hormone are most dissimilar in their metabolic effects on…
protein synthesis in muscle
