SPINE - inflammatory

Question 1

What are the 3 MRI signs of SRMA? Which level?

Answer 1

Meningeal contrast enhancement (87%)
In the absence of meningeal CE: lower TNCC

Enhancement of the synovium of the articular facets (49%)

Muscular contrast enhancement in the cervical region (49%)

nerve root enhancement 14%

in high field 80%-65%-55%-30%

Mostly detected between C2 and C4 (70-76%)
better detection with T1 FS

MRI abnomalities in 99%

Question 2

What is the proportion of dogs diagnosed with GME with neurological deficits suggestive of a myelopathy?

Answer 2

8%

Question 3

What is the overall relapse rate among Bernese mountain dogs with SRMA?

Answer 3

> 60%

Question 4

What is the pathogenesis of SRMA?

Answer 4

Th2 (IL-4, humoral immunity)
* Increase IL-4, 5, 10
* Decrease IL-2, INF-gamma
* High CD4/CD8 ratio

Th17 (IL-17, inflammation)
* Chemotactically influence neutrophils

Upregulation of TGF-B1 intrathecally
* IgA synthesis
* Selective recruitment of LB in blood and CSF

Dysregulation of neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) due to many pro-inflammatory and autoantigenic stimuli

Increased VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor)

Question 5

Frequency of relapse in SRMA is…

1.Associated with lower steroids dosage
2.Associated with TNCC in CSF
3.Associated with MRI meningeal enhancement
4.Lowest in younger dogs

Answer 5

2.

Question 6

Give 3 factors associated with SMRA for dogs presented with cervicalgia.

Answer 6

Young age, pyrexia, haemato abnomalities

Question 7

What are the 2 gene loci suspected in SRMA in NSDTR?

Answer 7

PP3CA
DAPP1

Question 8

Th1 plays a major role in SRMA: true or false?

Answer 8

False

Mainly Th2 and Th17
Th1-related cytokines and consequently the Th1-induced immune response are downregulated

Question 9

chemokines with important role in SRMA

Answer 9

IL6, IL8, IL17, MMP2, MMP9

Question 10

% relapse SRMA
quality of life related to

Answer 10

16-50% (maj after cessation treatment)

mortality 2-8%

steoroids second effect (dose related, not time rekated, more frequent in griffon)

Question 11

most common affection in canine cev hyperaestesia

Answer 11

SRMA > SM > IVDP

young age, pyrexia, hematologi abdomalies assoc with SRMA

Question 12

cardiac abmomalies with SRMA

Answer 12

increase troponine I in 5/14
increases prot C, fibrinogen

12/14 echo abnomalies : spontaneous echo contrast, pericardial effusion, decrease fractional shortening

tropinine I normalised 4/5, fibrinogen all dogs. Echo normalised except fractional shortening (2/5)

Question 13

CRP is higher/lower in dogs < 12m with IMPA

Answer 13

higher

> 12m higher CRP assoc with SRMA

Question 14

maj agent discospondilitis in dogs, horses and calves

maj local in goat

Answer 14

dogs: Staph, strepto, Pasteurella, Brucella
horses: Rhodococcus, Brucella
calves: Salmonella Pseudomonas

C7-T1

Question 15

maj cause of myelopathies in dogs <18m

fact associated

Answer 15

vert malfo > SAD > fracture > aa instab > osseous spondylomyelop

vert malfo: young, screwtail, pug with chronic T3-L3

SAD: screw taikl, pug, non painfull

IVDE: old, screw tail, pug with shorter duration signs

Question 16

risk factor for positive bact culture in canine discospondilitis

Answer 16

increase bodyweight, more sample

Question 17

% dog with SRMA with increase TNCC in only one site + factor increasing risk

Answer 17

7%

older

Question 18

breed + risk factor with increase risk of discospondilitis after surgical IVDH

Answer 18

German Sheperd
old, >20kg, disc protrusion