Brain - Epilepsy

Question 1

mutation/mode of inherence/breed associated with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Answer 1

Rhodesian Ridgeback
mutation DIRAS1 (role in acetylcholine release)
fully penetrant autosomal recessive

Question 2

clinical signs associated with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Answer 2

myoclonic seizures occuring mainly during relaxation seizures
generalised tonico-clonic seizure in 1/3 of patients
35% photosensitive
absent seizure

Question 3

2 antiepileptic treatements in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Answer 3

levetiracetam
potassium bromide
in human valproic acid

Question 4

EEG in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Answer 4

ictal and inter-ictal generalised and irregular 4-5 Hz spike and wave complexes and polyspike-waves complexes with a fronto-central maximum

Question 5

Which gene is associated with epilepsy in Lagotto Romagnolo and Belgian Shepherd?​

Answer 5

Lagotto Romagnolo: LGI2​
Belgian Shepherd: ADAM23​

Question 6

Which cytokines have increased CSF concentration after seizures in dogs? Specifically in idiopathic epilepsy?​

Answer 6

All causes: IL-6 & TNF-alpha​
IE: TNF-alpha​

CSF TP concentrations were not significantly higher in the study dogs compared to controls.​

Merbl, 2014​

Question 7

DDx episodic disorders​

Answer 7

Syncope​
Narcolepsy​
Cataplexy​

Seizure​
Neuromuscular weakness​
Paroxysmal behaviour changes (compulsive disorders)​

Vestibular attack​
Idiopathic head tremor​
Paroxysmal dyskinesia​

SNC-SNP-VIP​

Question 8

How many dogs with frontal lobe neoplasia are presented with seizure as the first clinical sign?​

Answer 8

75%​