BRAIN - Vascular

Question 1

DDx haemorrhagic strokes​

Answer 1

• Idiopathic ​
• Primary causes​

1. Arterial hypertension​
2. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy​
3. Intracranial neoplasia​(Multicentric: HSK, metastases, histiocytic SK, intravascular lymphoma​
   PBT: gliomas, meningiomas, CPT, pituitary, others)​

• Secondary causes​

1. Coagulopathy (von willebrand factor deficiencies​, Angiostrongylus vasorum)
2. Parasite migration​
3. Bacterial/septicemia​
4. Hemorrhagic transformation​
5. Vasculopathy​
6. Cerebral vascular malformation​(Arteriovenous, Venous, Cavernous, Capillary malformations or telangiectases)

Question 2

Give 3 diagnostic tests in case of CVD

Answer 2

Coagulation panel
Dosage of Von Willebrand factor
Coproscopy in search of Angiostrongylus
Serology for Angiostrongylus

Question 3

What are the 4 lacunar ischemic syndromes?

Answer 3

Striates arteries: ipsilateral circling, ipsilateral head turn, contralateral menace deficit, contralateral PR deficit

Paramedian: vestibular

Extensive dorsal: vestibular, contralateral menace deficit

Ventrolateral: circling, contralateral PR deficit

Question 4

Which signs are usually present in T2-FLAIR to evaluate two findings consistent with strokes <24h old?

Answer 4

Hyperintense vessel signs
Hyperintense swollen cortical gyri

Question 5

% of cats with hypertensive encephalopathy presented retinal lesions: true or false?

Answer 5

93% (28/30)