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Pilates - APPI > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

How many vertebrae do we have in the spine?

A

33 all together

7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum & Coccyx (fused vertebrae)

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2
Q

Lordosis

A

Inward curve

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3
Q

Kyphosis

A

Rounded back

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4
Q

Parts of a vertebrae

A
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5
Q

Facet joints

A

The joint that allows the vertebrae to sit on top of each other

Allow rotation & side movements

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6
Q

Facet joint pain

A

When doing side or later flexion as it closes the joints causing discomfort

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7
Q

Cervical spine

A

1) C1 Atlas
2) C2 Axis
3) C3 - 6
4) C7 Vertebra Prominens

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8
Q

Sally has a pain on the right side of her neck, if she tilts her head towards the right side she feels pain? What is causing this and why?

A

Most likely joint pain rather than muscle as she is closing the joints

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9
Q

Sally has a pain on the right side of her neck, if she tilts her head towards the right side she doesn’t feel pain but when tilting to the left she does? What is causing this and why?

A

Most likely muscle pain and she is stretching her muscles

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10
Q

Disc involvement in movement

A
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11
Q

When bending forward in something like the roll down it can cause a weakening at the back of the disc which can cause X?

A

Disc herniation (slip disc)

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12
Q

What movement should be done for people with disc herniation?

A

Extension movements like swan dive level 2 & cobra

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13
Q

What do discs allow?

A

1) Movement
2) Shock absorption

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14
Q

Muscles of the cervical region (neck)

A
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15
Q

Origin and instertion of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Origin: Clavicle & Sternum
Insertion: mastoid process (temporal bone behind ear)

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16
Q

Movement of the sternocleidomastoid

A

Rotation and flexion

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17
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A
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18
Q

How many pairs of scalene muscles are there?

A

3

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19
Q

Where can scalene muscles be found?

A

Lateral neck

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20
Q

Name the 3 scalene muscles

A

1) Anterior scalene
2) Middle scalene
3) Posterior scalene

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21
Q

Anterior scalene origin

A

Origin: anterior tubercles of the transverse process of the 3rd - 6th vertebrae (c3 - c6)

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22
Q

Anterior scalene insertion

A

Insertion: inserts as a flat tendon into the scalene tubercle on the inner border of the 1st rib, the ridge on the upper surface of the 2nd rib

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23
Q

Action of the anterior scalene

A

Elevates 1st rib and laterally flexes Cx to same side

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24
Q

Middle scalene origin

A

Origin: the posterior tubercles of the transverse process of the lower six cervical vertebrae

25
Q

Middle scalene insertion

A

Insertion: attaches to the 1st rib

26
Q

Action of middle scalene

A

Elevates 1st rib or laterally flexes to the same side

27
Q

Posterior scalene origin

A

Origin: by 2 or 3 separate tendons, from the posterior tubercles of the transverse process of the lower 2 or 3 cervical vertebrae

28
Q

Posterior scalene insertion

A

Outer surface of the 2nd rib, behind the attachment of the anterior scalene

29
Q

Posterior scalene action

A

Elevates 2nd rib & laterally flexes to the same side

30
Q

Deep neck flexors - DNF

A
31
Q

Longus Colli origin

A

Transverse process of C5 - T3

32
Q

Longus colli insertion

A

Anterior arch of the atlas (C1)

33
Q

Longus colli action

A

Ipsilateral & rotation side: assists in lateral flexion to the same side

Acting bilateral: Flexes the head and neck

34
Q

Longus capitus origin

A

Come from the transverse processes of the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th cervical vertebrae

35
Q

Longus capitus insertion

A

Into the occipital bone (skull)

36
Q

Posterior Cervical Muscles

A
37
Q

Posterior cervical muscles

A

Neck extensors that balance out the forces that are applied by our deep neck flexors

38
Q

Rectus Capitus Posterior Major Origin

A

Spinous process of axis (C2)

39
Q

Rectus capitus posterior major insertion

A

Occipital bone

40
Q

Rectus Capitus Posterior Major Action

A

Bilateral (extend)
Unilateral (rotates)

41
Q

Rectus capitus posterior minor origin

A

Spinous process of C2

42
Q

Rectus capitus posterior minor insertion

A

Occipital bone

43
Q

Rectus capitus posterior minor origin

A

Same as major

44
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A
45
Q

Disc degeneration

A
46
Q

What does the vertebral column consist of?

A
  • 24 vertebrae
  • Sacrum
  • Coccyx
  • The spinal cord through the foremen magnum
47
Q

What is the spinal cord protected by?

A

Meninges

48
Q

What do ligaments of the spine help do?

A

1) Reinforce the vertebral column
2) Stabilize intervertebral joints

49
Q

What is the vertebral canal?

A

A hollow space inside the vertebrae which encloses the spinal cord

50
Q

Cervical spine landmarks

A
  • superior articular processes and facets
  • inferior articular
  • bifid spinous process
  • transverse process & foramina
51
Q

Thoracic Spine Landmarks

A
  • spinous process
  • transverse process
  • transverse costal facet
  • superior costal facets
  • body
  • inferior notch
  • inferior costal facets
  • vertebral foramen
  • superior articular processes and facets
52
Q

Lumbar spine landmarks

A
  • Vertebral foramen
  • Spinous process
  • Transverse process
  • Body
  • Superior articular processes and facets
  • Inferior articular processes and facets
  • Inferior notch
53
Q

Sacrum landmarks

A
  • superior articular processes
  • sacral alae
  • body
  • median crest
  • promontory
  • sacral canal
  • first dorsal (posterior) sacral foramina
  • first pelvic (anterior) sacral foramina
  • inferior lateral angles
54
Q

What does the Sternum consist of?

A
  • Manubrium
  • Body of the sternum
  • Xiphoid process
55
Q

How many ribs do humans have?

A

12 in total

  • 7 true ribs (connect directly to the sternum)
  • 5 false ribs (don’t articulate directly with the sternum)

Rib 11 & 12 are called floating ribs as they have no anterior attachment

56
Q

What are the anterior ends of all ribs made from?

A

Costal cartilage

57
Q

Name the 3 muscles of the spinal flexors

A

1) Longus capitus
2) Longus colli
3) Quadratus lumborum

58
Q

Longissimus muscles classified in:

A

Capitis
Cervicis
Thoracis

Extend & laterally flex the vertebral column

Pilates - APPI (21 decks)

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