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Pilates - APPI > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the nervous system include?

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord
  • nerves
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2
Q

What do central nervous system cells do?

A

Conduct electrical signals and pass information rapidly throughout the body.

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3
Q

Mention examples of the brain sending information throughout the body

A
  • Bodily functions
  • Muscle movements
  • Transmission of sensory information
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4
Q

What do peripheral nerves do?

A

Send information to the brain

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5
Q

Mention the 2 types of nervous systems

A

1) central nervous system
2) peripheral nervous system

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6
Q

What makes up the central nervous system?

A
  • brain
  • spinal cord

Functions as the body’s information processing center

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7
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

A
  • spinal nerves

Passed information between the CNS and the rest of the body. It consists of the spinal nerves and the cranial nerves. The spinal nerves will spread out to supply the extremities & the rest of the body

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8
Q

At what day does the Neural Tube develop?

A

Day 21-22

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9
Q

What makes up the neural tube?

A

1) Neural plate
Fold
Tube
2) neural groove
3) neural crest

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10
Q

At what age do the 3 regions of the brain develop?

A

3 weeks

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11
Q

What are the 3 regions of the brain?

A

1) forebrain
2) midbrain
3) hindbrain

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12
Q

What does the forebrain expand into?

A

At week 8

  • telencephalon
  • diencephalon
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13
Q

What shape does the midbrain hold?

A

Long Tubular shape

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14
Q

What is the midbrain called?

A

Mesencephalon

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15
Q

What does the hindbrain differentiate into?

A

1) upper metencephalon
2) lower myelencephalon

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16
Q

What makes up the cerebral hemispheres/ cerebrum?

A
  • cerebral cortex
  • subcortical white matter
  • basal nuclei/ ganglia
  • paired lateral ventricles
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17
Q

What is the highest functioning area of the brain?

A

The cerebral cortex

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18
Q

Mention the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex

A

1) frontal lobe
2) parietal lobe
3) temporal lobe
4) occipital lobe

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19
Q

Frontal lobe

A
  • precentral gyrus- Motor
  • broca’s speech area
  • intellectual functions (reasoning & abstract thinking)
  • emotional behavior
  • smell
  • memory
  • speech
  • movement
20
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Postcentral gyrus - sensory

Body sensory awareness
- taste
- language process
- body imaging
- abstract reasoning

21
Q

Temporal lobe

A
  • Auditory area
  • Wernicke’s area

Language interpretation & hearing, major memory processing area

22
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual area

23
Q

Limbic area/ system

A

Expression of emotional states
- fear, anger, love

24
Q

Mention the five pairs of cell groups of the basal ganglia

A

1) caudate nucleus
2) putamen
3) globus pallidus
4) substantia nigra
5) subthalamic nucleus

25
Q

Subcortical white matter tracts

A
  • commisures
  • projection tracts
  • association tracts
26
Q

Diencephalon

A
  • Thalamus
  • hypothalamus
  • epithalamus (pineal gland)
  • third ventricle
27
Q

What does the brain stem include?

A
  • diencephalon
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • middle oblongata
28
Q

What does the midbrain brain stem consist of?

A
  • cerebral aqueduct
  • superior colliculus
  • inferior colliculus
  • cerebral peduncle
  • superior cerebellar peduncle
29
Q

What does the pons bridge?

A

The fourth ventricle to reach the middle cerebellar peduncles

Also

Higher brains centre & the spinal cord

30
Q

What does the cerebellum consist of?

A
  • Arbor vitae
  • Cerebellar cortex
  • Deep cerebellar nucleus
31
Q

What does the midbrain (mesencephalon) connect?

A

Pons to the diencephalon

32
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

33
Q

Where are the cranial nerves found? In the CNS or PNS?

A

Peripheral Nervous System

34
Q

Name the 12 cranial nerves

A

1) olfactory
2) optic
3) oculomotor
4) trochlear
5) trigeminal
6) abducens
7) facial
8) vestibulocohlear
9) glossopharyngeal
10) vagus
11) accessory
12) hypoglossal

35
Q

How many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

36
Q

How many cervical nerve pairs?

A

8

37
Q

How many thoracic nerve pairs?

A

12

38
Q

How many lumbar nerve pairs?

A

5

39
Q

How many sacral nerve pairs?

A

5

40
Q

How many coccygeal nerve pairs?

A

1

41
Q

What does the phrenic nerve supply?

A

Motor & sensory fibers to the diaphragm

42
Q

Is the cerebrum formed by the left and right cerebral hemisphere?

A

Yes

43
Q

What does the cerebellum manage?

A

Movement
Balance
Vision

44
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for thermoregulation?

A

Hypothalamus

45
Q

What is the function of the mesencephalon?

A
  • sight
  • eye movement
  • pupil dilation
  • regulate muscle movement
  • hearing
46
Q

What controls the involuntary function of the respiratory, digestive & circulatory system?

A

The autonomic nervous system- ANS

Found in the PNS

47
Q

Which nervous system are spinal reflexes part of?

A

Central nervous system

Pilates - APPI (21 decks)

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