Anatomical Planes

Question 1

Mention the 4 anatomical planes

Answer 1

• Median
• Sagittal
• Coronal/ Frontal
• Transverse/ Cross

Question 2

Median Plane

Answer 2

Divides the head & torso into left & right halves

Question 3

Sagittal Plane

Answer 3

Divides the head, torso & limbs or its parts, into left and right parts (not halves)

Question 4

Frontal/ Coronal Plane

Answer 4

Divides the body into front & back halves or parts

Question 5

Transverse/ Cross Plane

Answer 5

Divides the body into upper & lower halves or parts.

Question 6

Sagittal plane movement

Answer 6

Up & down movements of flexion & extension

Question 7

Frontal/ coronal plane movements

Answer 7

Sideways movements called abduction & adduction

Question 8

Transverse / cross plane movements

Answer 8

Rotational in nature such as internal & external rotation, supination and pronation

Question 9

Neck joint movement

Answer 9

• Flexion (chin to chest)
• Extension (chin up)
• Rotation (look to side)
• Later flexion (side bend)

Question 10

Shoulder

Answer 10

• Flexion (arms up) 170-180 degrees
• Extension (back) 50-60 degrees
• Abduction palms forward side away & up 170-180
• Adduction (arms back down)
• External rotation (arms like a robot and turn palms toward the front)
• Internal rotation (turn palms until hands are on chest)
• Horizontal flexion (|o|) (right palm crosses over to touch left shoulder)
• Horizontal extension (from flexion going back to normal)

Question 11

Elbow

Answer 11

• Flexion (bicep curl)
• Extension (back down)

Question 12

Forearm

Answer 12

• Supination (start in robot L, palms towards ceiling)
• Pronation (palms towards floor)

Question 13

Wrist

Answer 13

Flexion (with palm facing down, drop wrist)
Extension (lift wrist up)
Ulnar deviation (outward)
Radial deviation (inward)

Question 14

Spine

Answer 14

• Flexion (roll down)
• Extension (extend back backwards hands on lumbar spine)
• Left & right rotation
• Left & right lateral flexion (side bend)

Question 15

Hip

Answer 15

• Flexion (leg goes forward)
• Extension (leg goes back) 10-15 degrees
• External rotation (first position with feet)
• Internal rotation (toes together)
• Abduction (side leg lift)
• Adduction (side leg lift closing)

Question 16

Knee

Answer 16

Flexion comes in
Extension straight leg

Question 17

Ankle

Answer 17

Plantar flexion - pointing foot
Dorsi flexion - pulling toes back

Question 18

Sub-talar joint (ankle)

Answer 18

Inversion (towards the body)
Eversion (away from body)