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Neuroanatomy > Spinal cord, Ascending and Descending Pathways > Flashcards

Spinal cord, Ascending and Descending Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Somatosensory afferents and motor efferents to skeletal muscle travel via?

A

Spinal cord

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2
Q

Somatosensory afferents and motor efferents to skeletal muscle travel via?

A

Spinal cord

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3
Q

Functions of the spinal cord?

A

Receives primary afferent fibres from peripheral receptors in somatic and visceral structures

Sends motor axons to skeletal muscle

Provides communications highway between brain and periphery

Houses preganglionic neurons of sympathetic nervous system

Houses some preganglionic neurons of parasympathetic nervous system

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4
Q

What does the spinal cord give rise to?

A

31 paired spinal nerves

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5
Q

Where do the anterior and posterior roots pass through?

A

Subarachnoid space

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6
Q

When do the anterior and posterior roots stop passing through the subarachnoid space?

A

When they reach the appropriate intervertebral foramina

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7
Q

As the posterior root passes through the foramina what enlarges it?

A

The posterior dorsal root ganglion

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8
Q

When the roots fuse what does it form?

A

Spinal nerve

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9
Q

What produces posterior and anterior rami?

A

Spinal nerves

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10
Q

What is the spinal cord continuous with?

A

Medulla

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11
Q

Where does the spinal cord terminate?

A

Ina tapered cone shape called the conus medularis

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12
Q

What does the conus medularis continue as?

A

Connective tissue called filum terminale

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13
Q

What is anchored to the dorsal of the coccyx?

A

Filum Terminale

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14
Q

At what level does the spinal cord end?

A

L1

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15
Q

The ventral and dorsal roots of L2 and lower spinal nerves and the filum terminate is a collection called?

A

Cauda Equina

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16
Q

Where does the dural sac end?

A

S2

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17
Q

The spinal meninges and cranial meninges are continuous via?

A

Foramen magnum

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18
Q

What is the spinal cord suspended in the canal by?

A

Denticulate ligament

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19
Q

What forms the denticulate ligament?

A

Pia and arachnoid tissue

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20
Q

Where do the dorsal and ventral roots come together in?

A

Intervertebral canal

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21
Q

The spinal cord is made up of an outer layer called?

A

White matter

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22
Q

The spinal cord has an inner layer with a ‘H’ shape of?

A

Gray matter

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23
Q

What does the white matter in the spinal cord consist of?

A

Longitudinally orientated nerve fibres, glial cells and blood vessles

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24
Q

What does the grey matter in the spinal cord consist of?

A

Neuronal soma, cell processes, synapses, glia and blood vessels

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25
Q

What extends the length of the spinal cord?

A

Central canal

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26
Q

Where does the central canal open rostrally?

A

4th ventricle

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27
Q

Where is grey matter greatest in the spinal cord?

A

Cervical and lumbar regions

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28
Q

Where is white matter greatest in the spinal cord?

A

Cervical regions

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29
Q

What makes up the white matter?

A

Dorsal, lateral and ventral fasciculi

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30
Q

How many parts is the grey matter divided into within the spinal cord?

A

4

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31
Q

What are the parts of the grey matter?

A

Left and right ventral horns

Left and right dorsal horns

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32
Q

What horn of the grey matter extends to the edge?

A

Dorsal

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33
Q

At the levels of T1 to L2 there is another horn called?

A

Lateral horn

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34
Q

What neurons does the lateral horn contain?

A

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons

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35
Q

How many Lamina is there?

A

10

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36
Q

What is lamina I?

A

Lamina marginalis

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37
Q

What is lamina II?

A

Substantia gelatinosa

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38
Q

What is lamina III?

A

Part of substantial gelatinosa and part of nucleus proprius

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39
Q

What is Lamina IV?

A

Part of nucleus proprius

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40
Q

Where is lamina V and VI found?

A

At the base of the dorsal horn

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41
Q

What cells give rise to the spinothalamic tract?

A

Tract cells

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42
Q

What does Lamina VII comprise of?

A

Intermediate horn

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43
Q

What lamina contains proprioceptive interneurons?

A

Lamina VIII

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44
Q

What lamina is a layer of alpha and gamma motorneurons?

A

Lamina IX

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45
Q

What lamina consists of the dorsal and ventral grey commissures?

A

Lamina X

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46
Q

What is overlying lamina I?

A

Tract of Lissauer

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47
Q

What is the tract of Lissauer?

A

A layer of white matter

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48
Q

Afferents divide into?

A

Ascending and Descending branches that travel in the tract of Lissauer

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49
Q

What roots do the radicular artier travel along?

A

Dorsal and ventral roots

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50
Q

Segmental veins drain into what?

A

Local vertebral plexuses

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51
Q

What is the space between the dura and the bone?

A

Epidural space

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52
Q

What does the epidural space contain?

A

Adipose tissue and the anterior and posterior epidural venus plexuses

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53
Q

What is the function of the corticspinal tract?

A

Control of precision and speed of skilled movements, particular of distal limb muscles

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54
Q

What are the ridges in the corticospinal tract?

A

Pyramids

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55
Q

What is another name for the corticospinal tract?

A

Pyramidal tract

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56
Q

Crossed fibres of the corticospinal tract form?

A

Lateral CST

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57
Q

Uncrossed fibres of the corticospinal tract form?

A

Ventral CST

58
Q

Where do corticospinal fibres travel in?

A

The posterior limb of the internal capsule

59
Q

Where does the corticospinal tract break into fibre bundles?

A

Anterior pons

60
Q

Function of the Rubrospinal tract?

A

Excitatory control of tone of limb flexor muscles

61
Q

Where do the fibres originate in the rubrospinal tract?

A

Red nucleus of midbrain

62
Q

Where do the finer travel in the rubrospinal tract?

A

In the lateral column anterior to the lateral CST

63
Q

What is the tract with inout mostly to cervical segments?

A

Tectospinal Tract

64
Q

Where do the fibres of the tectospinal tract originate?

A

Superior colliculus

65
Q

What tract functions to excitatory input to ‘antigravity’ extensor muscles?

A

Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract

66
Q

Where do the fibres of the lateral vestibulospinal tract originate?

A

Ipsilateral vestibular nuclei of pons and medulla

67
Q

What does reticular formation from?

A

The central core of the brainstem

68
Q

Where do fibres originate in the reticulospinal tract?

A

Areas of the reticular formation in pons and medulla

69
Q

Function of reticulospinal tract?

A

Influencing of voluntary movement

70
Q

Fibers that originate in the pins facilitate?

A

Extensor movements and inhibit flexor movements

71
Q

What are the motor systems outside of the pyramidal tract referred to as?

A

Extrapyramidal system

72
Q

Functions of the spinal cord?

A

Receives primary afferent fibres from peripheral receptors in somatic and visceral structures

Sends motor axons to skeletal muscle

Provides communications highway between brain and periphery

Houses preganglionic neurons of sympathetic nervous system

Houses some preganglionic neurons of parasympathetic nervous system

73
Q

What does the spinal cord give rise to?

A

31 paired spinal nerves

74
Q

Where do the anterior and posterior roots pass through?

A

Subarachnoid space

75
Q

When do the anterior and posterior roots stop passing through the subarachnoid space?

A

When they reach the appropriate intervertebral foramina

76
Q

As the posterior root passes through the foramina what enlarges it?

A

The posterior dorsal root ganglion

77
Q

When the roots fuse what does it form?

A

Spinal nerve

78
Q

What produces posterior and anterior rami?

A

Spinal nerves

79
Q

What is the spinal cord continuous with?

A

Medulla

80
Q

Where does the spinal cord terminate?

A

Ina tapered cone shape called the conus medularis

81
Q

What does the conus medularis continue as?

A

Connective tissue called filum terminale

82
Q

What is anchored to the dorsal of the coccyx?

A

Filum Terminale

83
Q

At what level does the spinal cord end?

A

L1

84
Q

The ventral and dorsal roots of L2 and lower spinal nerves and the filum terminate is a collection called?

A

Cauda Equina

85
Q

Where does the dural sac end?

A

S2

86
Q

The spinal meninges and cranial meninges are continuous via?

A

Foramen magnum

87
Q

What is the spinal cord suspended in the canal by?

A

Denticulate ligament

88
Q

What forms the denticulate ligament?

A

Pia and arachnoid tissue

89
Q

Where do the dorsal and ventral roots come together in?

A

Intervertebral canal

90
Q

The spinal cord is made up of an outer layer called?

A

White matter

91
Q

The spinal cord has an inner layer with a ‘H’ shape of?

A

Gray matter

92
Q

What does the white matter in the spinal cord consist of?

A

Longitudinally orientated nerve fibres, glial cells and blood vessles

93
Q

What does the grey matter in the spinal cord consist of?

A

Neuronal soma, cell processes, synapses, glia and blood vessels

94
Q

What extends the length of the spinal cord?

A

Central canal

95
Q

Where does the central canal open rostrally?

A

4th ventricle

96
Q

Where is grey matter greatest in the spinal cord?

A

Cervical and lumbar regions

97
Q

Where is white matter greatest in the spinal cord?

A

Cervical regions

98
Q

What makes up the white matter?

A

Dorsal, lateral and ventral fasciculi

99
Q

How many parts is the grey matter divided into within the spinal cord?

A

4

100
Q

What are the parts of the grey matter?

A

Left and right ventral horns

Left and right dorsal horns

101
Q

What horn of the grey matter extends to the edge?

A

Dorsal

102
Q

At the levels of T1 to L2 there is another horn called?

A

Lateral horn

103
Q

What neurons does the lateral horn contain?

A

Preganglionic sympathetic neurons

104
Q

How many Lamina is there?

A

10

105
Q

What is lamina I?

A

Lamina marginalis

106
Q

What is lamina II?

A

Substantia gelatinosa

107
Q

What is lamina III?

A

Part of substantial gelatinosa and part of nucleus proprius

108
Q

What is Lamina IV?

A

Part of nucleus proprius

109
Q

Where is lamina V and VI found?

A

At the base of the dorsal horn

110
Q

What cells give rise to the spinothalamic tract?

A

Tract cells

111
Q

What does Lamina VII comprise of?

A

Intermediate horn

112
Q

What lamina contains proprioceptive interneurons?

A

Lamina VIII

113
Q

What lamina is a layer of alpha and gamma motorneurons?

A

Lamina IX

114
Q

What lamina consists of the dorsal and ventral grey commissures?

A

Lamina X

115
Q

What is overlying lamina I?

A

Tract of Lissauer

116
Q

What is the tract of Lissauer?

A

A layer of white matter

117
Q

Afferents divide into?

A

Ascending and Descending branches that travel in the tract of Lissauer

118
Q

What roots do the radicular artier travel along?

A

Dorsal and ventral roots

119
Q

Segmental veins drain into what?

A

Local vertebral plexuses

120
Q

What is the space between the dura and the bone?

A

Epidural space

121
Q

What does the epidural space contain?

A

Adipose tissue and the anterior and posterior epidural venus plexuses

122
Q

What is the function of the corticspinal tract?

A

Control of precision and speed of skilled movements, particular of distal limb muscles

123
Q

What are the ridges in the corticospinal tract?

A

Pyramids

124
Q

What is another name for the corticospinal tract?

A

Pyramidal tract

125
Q

Crossed fibres of the corticospinal tract form?

A

Lateral CST

126
Q

Uncrossed fibres of the corticospinal tract form?

A

Ventral CST

127
Q

Where do corticospinal fibres travel in?

A

The posterior limb of the internal capsule

128
Q

Where does the corticospinal tract break into fibre bundles?

A

Anterior pons

129
Q

Function of the Rubrospinal tract?

A

Excitatory control of tone of limb flexor muscles

130
Q

Where do the fibres originate in the rubrospinal tract?

A

Red nucleus of midbrain

131
Q

Where do the finer travel in the rubrospinal tract?

A

In the lateral column anterior to the lateral CST

132
Q

What is the tract with inout mostly to cervical segments?

A

Tectospinal Tract

133
Q

Where do the fibres of the tectospinal tract originate?

A

Superior colliculus

134
Q

What tract functions to excitatory input to ‘antigravity’ extensor muscles?

A

Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract

135
Q

Where do the fibres of the lateral vestibulospinal tract originate?

A

Ipsilateral vestibular nuclei of pons and medulla

136
Q

What does reticular formation from?

A

The central core of the brainstem

137
Q

Where do fibres originate in the reticulospinal tract?

A

Areas of the reticular formation in pons and medulla

138
Q

Function of reticulospinal tract?

A

Influencing of voluntary movement

139
Q

Fibers that originate in the pins facilitate?

A

Extensor movements and inhibit flexor movements

140
Q

What are the motor systems outside of the pyramidal tract referred to as?

A

Extrapyramidal system

Neuroanatomy (29 decks)

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