Lecture 12

Question 1

Where do efferents end in the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 1

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and secretory tissues

Question 2

ANS efferents have two neurones linked by?

Answer 2

Peripheral synapse

Question 3

What do visceral afferents of the ANS provide?

Answer 3

Information to the CNS

Question 4

What are the divisions of the ANS?

Answer 4

Sympathetic NS and Parasympathetic NS

Question 5

What system is the fight or flight?

Answer 5

Sympathetic NS

Question 6

What does the sympathetic NS involve?

Answer 6

Heart, arterioles, skin, lungs, gut, pupils and liver

Question 7

In the SNS, what happens to the heart?

Answer 7

Increases heart rate

Question 8

In the SNS, what happens to the arterioles?

Answer 8

dilutes or constricts

Question 9

In the SNS, what happens to the skin?

Answer 9

Makes hair stand on end/produces sweat

Question 10

In the SNS, what happens to the lungs?

Answer 10

Dilates bronchioles

Question 11

In the SNS, what happens to the gut?

Answer 11

Reduces motility/closes sphincters

Question 12

In the SNS, what happens to the pupils?

Answer 12

Dilates

Question 13

In the SNS, what happens to the liver?

Answer 13

Releases glucose

Question 14

What system is the rest and digest?

Answer 14

Parasympathetic NS

Question 15

What organs does the parasympathetic NS supply?

Answer 15

Heart, Lungs, Gut, Pupils and Liver

Question 16

What nerves do not synapse the sympathetic chain?

Answer 16

Splanchnic nerves

Question 17

Where are preganglionic sympathetic neurons found?

Answer 17

In the lateral horn of the spinal cord from T1-L2

Question 18

Grey rami communicantes contain?

Answer 18

Unmyelinated axons of postganglionic axons

Question 19

White rami communicantes contain?

Answer 19

Myelinated axons of preganglionic axons

Question 20

What are the different trajectories of preganglionic sympathetic fibres exiting the spinal cord?

Answer 20

Enter the sympathetic chain, ascend and synapse.

Enter the ganglion and synapse at the same level

Enter the sympathetic chain, descend and synapse

Pass through the sympathetic chain without synapsing, enter abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve, synapse in one of several prevertebral ganglia and synapse

Question 21

What is a modified sympathetic ganglion?

Answer 21

Adrenal medulla

Question 22

What do the postganglionic neurons lack and deliver?

Answer 22

Lack axons and deliver adrenaline and noradrenaline into local vasculature

Question 23

What nerves are parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 23

3, 7, 9 and 10

Question 24

Areas associated with sympathetic activation?

Answer 24

Posterior nucleus and dorsomedial nucleus

Question 25

Areas associated with parasympathetic activation?

Answer 25

Anterior nucleus

Question 26

What does the hypothalamus control?

Answer 26

Body temperature, satiety and water intake

Question 27

Where does the hypothalamus receive afferents from?

Answer 27

Cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, spinal cord and brainstem

Question 28

How does hypothalamic efferents reach the preganglionic autonomic neurons?

Answer 28

Synapses in the reticular formation

Question 29

Where are cell bodies of the visceral afferents located?

Answer 29

In the dorsal root ganglia

Question 30

What do pain afferents usually travel with?

Answer 30

Sympathetic fibres

Question 31

What do afferents carrying physiological information travel with?

Answer 31

Parasympathetic fibres