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Neuroanatomy > Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

The control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and secretory tissues by the CNS involves what two neurons?

A

Preganglionic and postganglionic

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2
Q

What neuron has the cell body in an autonomic ganglion?

A

Postganglionic

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3
Q

Parasympathetic ganglia are near what?

A

The organ they innervate

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4
Q

What ganglia are paravertebral or preaortic?

A

Sympathetic ganglia

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5
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons are present in what cranial nerves?

A

CN III, VII, IX and X

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6
Q

Where are preganglionic sympathetic neurons located?

A

T1 - L2

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7
Q

Where does the efferents end on?

A

Smooth mucsle, cardiac muscle and secretory tissues

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8
Q

What are the preganglionic and postgamglionic neurons linked by?

A

A peripheral synapse

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9
Q

What do visceral afferents provide?

A

Sensory information to the CNS

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10
Q

The two divisions of the ANS are?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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11
Q

What nervous system is the “flight or fight”?

A

Sympathetic

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12
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system involve?

A

Heart, Arterioles, Skin, Lungs, Gut, Pupils and Liver

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13
Q

How does the sympathetic system affect the heart?

A

Increases heart rate

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14
Q

How does the sympathetic system affect the arterioles?

A

Dilate (skeletal muscle) or constricts (skin feels cold)

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15
Q

How does the sympathetic system affect the skin?

A

Makes hair stand on end and produces sweat

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16
Q

How does the sympathetic system affect the lungs?

A

Dilates bronchioles

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17
Q

How does the sympathetic system affect the gut?

A

Reduces motility and closes sphincters

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18
Q

How does the sympathetic system affect the pupils?

A

Dilates

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19
Q

How does the sympathetic system affect the liver?

A

Releases glucose

20
Q

What nervous system involves the “rest and digest”?

A

Parasympathetic

21
Q

What nervous system supplies the same organs?

A

Parasympathetic

22
Q

What opposes the sympathetic system?

A

Parasympathetic

23
Q

What nerves do not synapse in the sympathetic chain?

A

Splanchnic nerves

24
Q

What does the grey rami communicantes contain?

A

Unmyelinated axons of postganglionic axons

25
Q

What does white rami communicantes contain?

A

Myelinated axons of preganglionic axons

26
Q

What are the different ways a preganglionic sympathetic fibre can take when they exit the spinal cord through the thoracolumbar outflow?

A

Enter the sympathetic chain, ascend and synapse

Enter the ganglion and synapse at the same level

Enter the sympathetic chain, descend and synapse

Pass through the sympathetic chain without synapsing, enter abdominopelvic splanchnic nerve, synapse in one of several pre vertebral ganglia and synapse

27
Q

Where is the thoracolumbar outflow?

A

T1 - L2

28
Q

What is an example of a modified sympathetic ganglion?

A

Adrenal medulla

29
Q

What does the postganglionic neurons lack?

A

Axons

30
Q

What delivers adrenaline and noradrenaline into the local vasculature?

A

Postganglionic neurons

31
Q

What flexure is the transition from vegal to sacral parasympathetic input?

A

Colic

32
Q

Postsynaptic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres travel with the lingual nerve to?

A

sublingual and submandibular glands

33
Q

Postsynaptic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibres travel with the auriculotemporal nerve to?

A

Parotid gland

34
Q

What is a good example of complex interaction between autonomic and somatic elements?

A

Male sexual function

35
Q

Parasympathetic activation leads to secretion from?

A

Prostate and semial vesicles

36
Q

What activation of smooth muscle of vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate and internal urethral sphincter in bladder cause semen to be expelled into urethra?

A

Sympathetic

37
Q

Entry of semen into urethra activates?

A

Somatic afferent endings in the pudendal nerve

38
Q

What activates a reflex arc innervating the bulbospongiosus muscle causing ejaculation?

A

Somatic afferent endings in the pudendal nerve

39
Q

Activation of sympathetic fibres cause?

A

Constriction of arterioles and detumescence

40
Q

What homeostatic mechanisms are involved in the hypothalamus?

A

Body temperature, satiety and water intake

41
Q

What does the hypothalamus receive afferents from?

A

The cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, spinal cord and brainstem visceral afferents

42
Q

Where are cell bodies of visceral afferent located?

A

Dorsal root ganglia and in the ganglia associated with the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves

43
Q

What does the peripheral axons cross?

A

Autonomic ganglia or follow the spinal cord to reach the organ they innervate

44
Q

What does pain afferents tend to travel with?

A

Sympathetic fibres

45
Q

What does the carotid sinus contain?

A

Baroreceptors for monitoring blood pressure

Neuroanatomy (29 decks)

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