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Neuroanatomy > Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebellum?

A

Anterior, posterior and flocculonodular lobes

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2
Q

What is apart of the flocculonodular lobe?

A

Flocculus and nodule

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3
Q

What structure sits above the medulla?

A

Flocculus

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4
Q

What separates the anterior and posterior lobes?

A

Primary fissure

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5
Q

What is the middle bit of the cerebellum called?

A

Vermis

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6
Q

What are the lobules of the anterior lobe?

A

Central lobule and anterior part of quadrangular lobule

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7
Q

What are the lobules of the posterior lobe?

A

Posterior part of quadrangular lobule, superior semilunar lobule, inferior semilunar lobule and biventral lobule

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8
Q

In the section of the cerebellum what are the leave like structures called?

A

Folia

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9
Q

What nuclei is present in the core of white matter in the cerebellum?

A

Deep cerebellar nuclei

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10
Q

Is there a small region of grey matter in the white matter of the cerebellum?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What are the four deep cerebellar nuclei?

A

Dentate, emboliform, globose and fastigial

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12
Q

What is the largest deep cerebellar nuclei?

A

Dentate nucleus

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13
Q

What is the most medial deep cerebellar nuclei?

A

Fastigial

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14
Q

What are the three layers of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer and Granule cell layer

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15
Q

What is the outer layer of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Molecular

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16
Q

What is the middle layer of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Purkinje cell layer

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17
Q

What is the inner layer of the cerebellar cortex?

A

Granular layer

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18
Q

Where are afferent projection to the cerebellum from?

A

Spinal cord, pons, vestibular nuclei and inferior olivary nucleus

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19
Q

How do afferent projections enter the cerebellum?

A

Cerebellar peduncles

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20
Q

Where are efferent projections of the cerebellum from?

A

All three lobes of cerebellum

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21
Q

Where do most efferent axons of the deep cerebellar nuclei cross and synapse?

A

Cross the midline and synapse in the thalamus

22
Q

Where does the thalamus send fibres?

A

Motor cortex

23
Q

Where do deep cerebellar nuclei also send fibres?

A

Vestibular nuclei, red nucleus and reticular formation

24
Q

What are the three divisions of the cerebellum?

A

Vestibulocerebellum, spinpcerebellum and pontocerebellum

25
Q

What does the vestibulocerebellum part consist of?

A

Flocculunodular lobe

26
Q

What is the main function of the vestibulocerebellum part?

A

Maintaining balance

27
Q

What does the spinocerebellum part consist of?

A

Vermis

28
Q

What is the main function of the spinocerebellum part?

A

Posture and muscle tone

29
Q

What does the pontocerebellum part consist of?

A

Cerebellar hemispheres

30
Q

What is the main function of the pontocerebellum part?

A

Muscle coordination

31
Q

What happens when there is a midline lesion of the cerebellum?

A

Disturbance of postural control

32
Q

What happens when there is a unilateral hemispheric lesion of the cerebellum?

A

Disturbance of coordination in limbs

33
Q

What happens where there is a bilateral cerebellar dysfunction?

A

Slowed and slurred speech

34
Q

What are the functions of the basal ganglia?

A

To facilities purposeful movement

Inhibit unwanted movements

Role in posture and muscle tone

35
Q

What is the basal ganglia?

A

A number of masses of grey matter located near the base of each cerebral hemisphere

36
Q

What does the basal ganglia include?

A

Corpus striatum, sub thalamic nucleus and substantia nigra

37
Q

What does the corpus striatum include?

A

Striatum and pallidum

38
Q

What does the striatum include?

A

Caudate nucleus and putamen

39
Q

What does the palladium include?

A

Globus pallidus

40
Q

What is the putamen and globus pallidus called?

A

Lentiform nucleus

41
Q

Where is the anterior limb of internal capsule between?

A

Lentiform and caudate nuclei

42
Q

Where is the posterior limb of internal capsule between?

A

Lentiform nucleus and thalamus

43
Q

Where is the substantial nigra?

A

Midbrain

44
Q

What is small and sits under the thalamus?

A

Subthalamic nucleus

45
Q

What does the striatum receive input from?

A

Cerebral cortex, thalamus and substantial nigra

46
Q

What does the striatum send fibres to?

A

Globus pallidus and substantia nigra

47
Q

What does the globus pallidus recieve input from?

A

Straitum and subthalamic nucleus

48
Q

What does the globus pallidus send fibres to?

A

Thalamus, subthalamic nucleus and pons

49
Q

What does unilateral lesion of the basal ganglia affect?

A

Contralateral side of body

50
Q

What do lesions of the basal ganglia cause?

A

Abnormal muscle control and changes in muscle tone

51
Q

What are disorders associated with basal ganglia?

A

Parkinsons Disease and Huntingtons disease

Neuroanatomy (29 decks)

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