Blood Supply of the CNS and CSF Flashcards
What is the process that keeps blood flow in the CNS constant?
Autoregulation
Exchange through capillaries of the central nervous system is regulated by what?
Endothelial transport mechanisms
What does the anterior choroidal artery supply?
Optic tract and parts of the internal capsule
The anterior cerebral artery give rise to what artery?
Heubner artery
What does the Heubner artery supply?
Parts of the corpus striatum and anterior part of internal capsule
What does the middle cerebral artery supply?
Lateral surface of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes
What supplies the geniculocalcarine tract?
Middle cerebral artery
What is the spinal cord supplied by?
Branches of the vertebral and radicular arteries
What is the largest branch of the vertebral artery?
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
What supplies the lateral part of the medulla and much of the cerebellum?
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
What are branches of the basilar artery?
Anterior inferior and superior cerebellar arteries
What artery has smaller branches that supply the pons and the labyrinth of the inner ear?
Basilar artery
What artery gives rise to the posterior choroidal artery?
Posterior cerebral artery
What connects to the posterior communicating artery?
Posterior cerebral artery
What supplies the internal structures of the cerebral hemispheres and diencephalon?
Central arteries
Aneurysms at sites of arterial bifurcation in and near the circle of Willis are common sources of?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Where do the superior cerebral veins drain into?
Superior saggiata sinus
Blood from the inferior surface of the brain is collected by?
Great cerebral vein
Where does the great cerebral vein drain into?
Straight sinus
The internal carotid artery is a terminal branch of?
Common carotid artery
What artery enters the middle cranial fossa?
Internal carotid artery
What space does the internal carotid artery enter?
Subarachnoid space
What are the four groups of central arteries?
Anteromedial group, Anterolateral group, Posterolateral group, Posteromedial group
What are the arteries of the anterolateral group referred to as?
Lenticulostriate or lateral striate arteries
What is the name of the medial striate artery?
Artery of Heubner
What is the origin of the anteromedial group?
Anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries
What does the anteromedial group supply?
Anterior hypothalamus and preoptic area
What is the origin of the anterolateral group?
Middle cerebral artery
What does the anterolateral group supply?
Head of caudate nucleus, putamen, internal capsule and lateral hypothalamus
What is the origin of the posteromedial group?
Posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries
What does the posteromedial group supply?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
What is the origin of the posterolateral group?
Posterior cerebral artery lateral to midbrain
What does the posterolateral group supply?
Thalamus and midbrain
What are the three arteries that supply the cerebellum?
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery, Anterior inferior cerebellar artery and superior cerebellar artery
What arteries come from the vertebral arteries?
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
What arteries come from the basilar artery?
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery and Superior cerebellar artery
What supplies the midbrian?
Branches from the termination of the basilar artery and initial segment of the posterior cerebral artery
What supplies the pons?
Pontine arteries
What supplies the medulla?
Branches from anterior inferior cerebellar artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery
What branches supply the choroid plexus of the 4th ventricle?
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery
What supplies the choroid plexus of the lateral and 3rd ventricles?
One anterior and two posterior choroidal arteries on each side
Where does the dural venous sinuses drain into?
Internal jugular vein
Where do superficial veins run in to?
Subarachnoid space
What veins travel in the transverse fissure?
Great cerebral vein and terminal part of internal cerebral vein
What are the three layers of meninges?
Dura mater, Arachnoid mater and Pia mater
What is the dura mater?
Outer tough layer of connective tissue
What is the arachnoid mater?
Thin layer apposed to the dura mater
What is the pia mater?
Very thin inner layer apposed to the surface of the brain
A layer of pia mater accompanies arteries penetrating into?
The brain
What connects the arachnoid mater and pia mater?
Wispy cords of connective tissue
What is the cerebrospinal-spinal fluid secreted by?
Specialised cells within the ventricular system of the brain
What does the CSF circulate around?
The brain and spinal cord
What is the path of the CSF fluid being circulated?
From the 4th ventricles to the subarachnoid space
Where is the CSF reabsorbed?
Dural venous sinuses
What structures allow CSF to be reabsorbed into the sinuses?
Arachnoid granulations
What is the function of CSF?
Cushions the brain both internal and externally
What does the choroid plexus in ventricles produce?
CSF
What are the spaces called when the arachnoid departs from the pia where CSF fills?
Cisterns
Where does the subarachnoid space end?
Level of S2
Where does the spinal cord end?
Level of L2
