Spinal Anatomy: CNS & related structures Flashcards
What does the notocord do?
induces ectoderm to formm neuroectoderm (remnant IVD) as nucleus pulposus
what does ectoderm do?
forms the neural plate
what does the neural plate form?
forms neural groove which houses the spinal cord & brain vesicles
what does the neural plate (brain cells) develop into?
Macroglial cells- -Oligodendrocytes; -Astrocytes Neurons- CNS Ependymal cells Retinal cells "dont be a MOANER"
what does the endoderm epithelium form?
the lining of the digestive tube & its associated structures, division foregut/midgut; loiver & pancreatic buds.
what are the parts of the primitive gut?
foregut
midgut
hindgut
allantois
what will the foregut form?
glands buccal cavity esophagus stomach pharyngeal pouches pharynx
what will the midgut form?
duodenum
jejunum
appendix
part of transverse colon
what will the hindgut form?
part of transverse, sigmoid & descending colon
rectum
upper anal canal
what will the allantois form?
urinary bladder vagina urethra prostate urethral glands
what will the foramen ovale become?
fossa ovalis (between the interatrial septum)
what will the ductus arteriosus become?
ligamentum arteriosum (bypasses pulm. trunk to arch of aorta)
ductus venosum becomes?
ligamentum venosum (bypasses sinusoids of fetus liver)
umbilical vein becomes?
ligamentum teres (round ligament)
Umbilical arteries become?
medial umbilical ligaments
Urachus becomes?
remnant of duct of allatois
simple squamous does what?where?
filtration or diffusion
capillaries, alveoli, glomeruli
ciliated epithelium does what?where?
circulate, move, sweep, clean
brain vesicles, oviduct, lungs
ciliated pseudostratified columnar does what? where?
lining
trachea, upper respiratory tract
non-ciliated pseudostartified columnar des what? where?
membrane
vas deferens
how many branchial arches are there? AKA?
6; pharyngeal arches
Branchial arch 1 does what?
mandibular branch of V (V3)
- Malleus (meckels cartilage)
- Incus (quadrate cartilage)
- Muscles of mastication & jaw closing muscles
Branchial arch 2 does what?
Facial CN (VII)
- stapes
- styloid
- muscles of facial expression & jaw opening muscles
- stylohyoid
- stapedius
Branchial arch 3 does?
Glossopharyngeal CN (IX)
- cornu
- Hyoid
- Stylopharyngeus muscle
Branchial arch 4 does?
Superior laryngeal of Vagus (X)
- thyroid cart.
- Cricoid cart.
- pharyngeal
- cricothyroid
- levator palatine
Branchial arch 6 does?
Inferior laryngeal of vagus (X) (recurrent branch)
- arytenoid
- corniculate cart.
- cuneiform cart.
- Laryngeal muscle
Dermatome C2-T2
C2- back of scalp C3- nape of neck C4- shoulders C5- lateral ARM C6- Lateral FOREARM and thumb and index finger (1st 2 digits) C7- middle 2 fingers C8- pinky and medial forearm T1- Medial ARM T2- Axilla
Dermatome T3-T5
T3- above nipple
T4- nipple
T5- below nipple
Dermatome L1-L5
L1- inguinal lig. & upper part of thigh L2- Mid thigh L3 lower thigh/ knee L4- medial knee to floor L5- side of leg to top of foot
Dermatome S1-S4
S1- bottom, lateral foot, lateral ankle, post. calf
S2- post. thigh
S3- circumference of anus
S4- perianal
what do glioblasts do?
“glue” give rise to astrocytes & oligodendrocytes
What is the most numerous cell of CNS?
Astrocyte
what do Astrocytes do?
acts like CT, part of BBB, forms “scar like” tissue in injury
what do oligodendrocytes do?
form Myelin around CNS- 2nd MC cell in CNS
what do ependymal cells do?
Line CNS, ciliated
makes a leaky barrier between CNS & CSF & cerebral aqueduct
what is a microglia?
phagocyte (macrophage)
what do neuroblasts do?
make neurons
what does commisural mean?
between 2 hemispheres
what does association mean?
different part, same hemisphere
what does projection mean?
lower centers to cerebral cortex
what 2 things make up the CNS?
brain & spinal cord
what are the most common neurons?
Multipolar
gray matter conatins?
cell bodies & dendrites
white matter contains?
myelinated axons
what does the BBB do?
functions as active transport for glucose & filters
what is a direct extension of the spinal cord?
ventricles
what are Primary vesicles? secondary?
Prosencephalon -telencephalon -diencephalon Mesencephalon -mesencephalon Rhombencephalon (hindbrain) -metencephalon -myelencephalon
what does the telencephalon turn into?Diencephalon?
T: forebrain (higher fxn) -CN1 -cerebral cortex, basal ganglia D: thalamus, hypothalamus, pineal, retina, mamillary body, post. pituitary -CN2 together they form: lateral ventricles seperated by septum pellucidum foramen of monroe (1-3rd ventricles)