Chem: Lipids Flashcards
what type of bond is between a glycerol & a FA?
ester
__ kcal/g
9
saturated fatty acids are :
filled with H2 heavy; dense solid at room temp. NO carbon-carbon double bonds Source: lard, butter, coconut & palm oil
Monounsaturated FA have?
one carbon-carbon double bond
liquid at room temp
sources: olive oil, olives, peanuts, avocados etc.
polyunsaturated FA have?
more than one carbon-carbon double bond
liquid at room temp.
sources: sunflower, corn, cottonseed, linoleic, alpha linoleic
Essential FA are the main_ _ of fat?
building blocks
body cannot make on its own
linoleic acid
essential
omega-6 FA
found in polyunsaturated veg. oils
18:2
when linoleic is absent which FA becomes an essential FA
arachidonic
linoleni acid
omega-3 FA
18:3
what makes up a triglyceride?
3 FA + glycerol (ester bond)
what makes up a phospholipid?
2 FA + glycerol + phosphate derivative
lipid bilayer
Arachidonic cox/lox
2 series PG cox
4 series TX lox
doule check***
EPA cox/lox
3 series TX
5 series PG
Double check***
cholesterol info:
belongs to sterol group
requires ATP, Mg, NADPH
cholesterol fxn:
makes cell membranes
bile salts
steroid hormones
Precursor molecules for cholesterol?
mevalonate acetyl coa squalene hmg coa reductase "MASH"
chylomicron source? fxn? enzyme?
intestinal mucosa
transports dietary lipids to body
lipoprotein lipase- fats into cells
highest % of triglycerides
VLDL source? fxn? enzyme?
liver- APOC-2
transports endogenous lipids from liver to the body
lipoprotein lipase
lowest % of proteins
LDL source? fxn? enzyme?
liver- APOB-100
transports cholesterol from liver to the body
highest % of cholesterol
HDL source? fxn? enzyme?
liver- APOA-1; APOE
removes excess free cholesterol from the blood
lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase LCAT
what does beta oxidation do? where?
cut 2 carbons off at a time to make acteyl CoA for krebs
mitochondria
what does beta ox. require? produces? what about odd number of carbons?
carnitine
1 acetyl CoA
final piece would be a 3 carbon long propionyl CoA
ketogenesis forms? increases in? ketone bodies?
ketone bodies as a byproduct of beta oxid.
fasting; low carb diet, diabetes, pregnancy
acetoacetate, acetone, hydroxybutrate
what is the primary substrate for lipogenesis?
acetyl CoA
lipogenesis occurs in? produces? requires? stimulated by?
cytoplasm FA acetyl CoA, CO2, NADPH ATP & insulin stimulates EPI & glucagon inhibit.
intermediate of lipogenesis?
Malonyl CoA
which is a ketogenic AA?
Leucine
where does digestion of lipases start?
mouth- lingual lipase
SI
