Chem: nucleotides & nucleic acids

Question 1

nucleotides bonded together to form

Answer 1

RNA & DNA

Question 2

nucleotides have __ components? what are they?

Answer 2

3
Phosphate
Sugar
Nitrogenous

Question 3

example of sugar base?

Answer 3

Deoxyribose

Ribose

Question 4

Example of nitrogenous base?

Answer 4

Purines

pyrimidines

Question 5

example of purines

Answer 5

adenine

guanine

Question 6

example of pyrimidines

Answer 6

uracil (rna)
thymine
cytosine

Question 7

nucleotides within one strand are bonded together by ?

Answer 7

phosphodiester

Question 8

base pairs bwn complimentary strands are bonded by?

Answer 8

hydrogen bonds (which are easily broken)

Question 9

where does DNA syhesis take place?

Answer 9

“S” phase

nucleus

Question 10

DNA doubling?

Answer 10

46»>92 chromosomes

Question 11

what enzyme unwinds DNA strands?

Answer 11

topoisomerase

Question 12

DNA polymerase acts as a ___ for DNA

Answer 12

template

makes new DNA from the parent strand of DNA

Question 13

what does Mitosis do?

Answer 13

splits the double strand of 92 chrom into two identical 46 chrom daughter strands

Question 14

how are the bases counted?

Answer 14

3 bases at at time

Question 15

what is transcription?

Answer 15

RNA synthesis 5’ to 3’

Question 16

transcription takes place in? is it specific?

Answer 16

nucleolus

only the segment of DNA with the specific region to be transcribed unwinds.

Question 17

what does RNA polymerase do?

Answer 17

binds to the promoter site. Begins to make RNA primer strand from the DNA template

Question 18

what is meant by the CODE?

Answer 18

it is the DNA sequence which is read 3 bases at a time

Question 19

what is the terminiation sequence?

Answer 19

RNA polymerase reaches a special section of DNA called the termination sequence. the polymerase and RNA primer strand fall off of te DNA, whih then rewinds itself

Question 20

what is mRNA?

Answer 20

messenger RNA

holds the information to determine amino acid sequence order

Question 21

what is rRNA?

Answer 21

main component of the ribosomal unit which moves along the mRNA

Question 22

what is tRNA?

Answer 22

jumps on and off the RNA carrying the amino acids with it.

Question 23

what is translation? what is the process?

Answer 23

it is Protein synthesis

• mRNA binds to a ribsome before translation occurs
• codon in the mRNA chain codes for the AA
• antidon in the tRNA is a complimentary to a specific codon
• anticodon then binds to the mRNA codon and brings the AA to the ribosome
• AA on the tRNA forms a peptide bond with the AA on the tRNA next door- by peptidyl transferase
• tRNA leaves the ribosome gets to another AA
• enzyme AA is attached to a tRNA by aminoacyl-trna synthase

Question 24

start codon?

Answer 24

AUG

Question 25

stop codon?

Answer 25

UAA, UAG, UGA