Phys.: CV physiology Flashcards
the SA node is known as the_ of the heart? inn by? prevents?
pacemaker
vagus N.
tetany
path of blood flow?
SVC> RA> Tricuspid> RV> pulm. Art> lungs> pulm. vein> LA> mitral> LV> Aorta> body
ECG steps?
P- Atrial depol. contract
QRS- Vent depole (contract) & atrial repole (relax)
ST- .04-.06 seconds
T- vent repole (relax)
PUMPKIN ???
ATP driven NA+ out K+ in 3 NA+ for every 2 K+ Maintains resting state of heart "PUMP K IN"
How BPM for SA node? AV? Bundle of his? Bundle branches? Purkinje fibers?
SA- 60-80 BPM AV- 40-60 HIS- 20-40 Purkinje- 0-20 Bundle branches- 0
what is an ectopic focus?
when the sinus node dies the AV will take over
expect the person to get winded easily, low energy levels
Sound 1 is made by?
A-V valves close
(Tricuspid & bicuspid)
LUBB
sound 2 is made by?
Semilunar valves closing
Pulmonic & aortic valves
DUBB
what are the diastolioc Murmurs?
Aortic Regurgitation Mitral Stenosis "she DIed in my ARMS & PRTS"
what are the systolic murmurs?
Pulmonic
Regurgitation
tricuspid
Stensosis
What is hydrostaic pressure?
force exerted by fluid agaisnt a wall
what is osmotic pressure?
created by plasma proteins unable to move through the capillary membrane
what is the Frank-Starling law?
stroke volume increases in response to increase in volume of blood filling the heart
“just Do It”
what is Davis law?
muscle will increase in size when used
what is Boyles law?
inversely proportional relationship bwn absolute pressure & volume of a gas.
If temp kept constant w/in a closed system
pV=K… what???
p= pressure of sytem V= denotes volume of gas k= constant pressure & volume of system
an EMG is used for muscle or brain??
Muscle
an EEG is used for brain or heart?
Brain
EKG & ECG are used for??
Heart
which ribs is the heart behind?
2-5th
what is the avg BPM? mL of blood per beat?
Normal BP?
75 bpm
70-80 mL
120/80
do arteries have valves or muscles? veins?
arteries have muscles
veins have valves
what are precursor platlets called?
megakaryotes
where are RBC produced?
marrow
fxn of RBC?
carry hemoglobin 15g/100 mL
aka for RBC?
erythocytes
where are RBC produced in embryo? fetus? adult?
E- yolk sac
F- liver, spleen, lymph, bone marrow
A- membranous bone marrow
genesis of RBC? how are they formed?
hemocytoblast> normoblast> reticulocyte (1% blood)> erythocyte (99% no nucleus)
“HNRE”
where are erythropoietin made? stimulates what?
kidney
RBC production
how long does a RBC live?
120 days, recycled in the spleen- heme is saved
how is CO2 transported?
plasma bicarbonate
how is iron transported?
transferrin (Fe +3)
how is iron stored?
(Fe+3) + Apoferritin= ferritin
how is iron absorbed?
Fe+2
it requires vit. c to remain in a reduced form
WBC aka? different types?
leukocytes Neutrophils 60% Lymphocytes 30% Monocytes 8% Eosinophils 3% Basophils 0% "Never Let My Engine Blow 60-30-8-3-0"
which WBC are granulocytes?
Basopphils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
“BEN”
which WBC are Agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Which WBC are Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (PMN)?
Neutrophils
how does blood clotting occur?
injury> constriction> platelet plug> clot> repair
what is the sequence of clotting?
extrinsic (damaged cells) & intrinsic (foreign surface)> prothrombin activator changes prothrombin > thrombin, thrombin is changed into fibrinogen> fibrin> mixes with RBC, platelets & plasma> blood clot
what are the different macrophages?
Alveoli- alveolar macrophage
Brain- microglial cells
Liver- Kupffer cells
Tissue- histocyte or fixed macrophages
