G.A. endocrine system Flashcards
where is the pituitary?
bottom of hypothalamus, base of brain, in sella turcica
what covers the pituitary?
dural fold (diaphragma sellae)
aka for pituitary?
hypophysis
where is the sella turcica located?
in sphenoid bone
what is the general size of pituitary?
size of a pea
what is the largest endocrine gland?
thyroid
what is the location of the thyroid?
inf to thyroid cartilage, level of cricoid cartilage
what does thyroid produce?
T3, T4, calcitonin
what controls the thyroid?
hypothalamus & calcitonin
what is another name for thyroid cartilage?
adams apple
what is the location of the parathyroid?
behind the thyroid
what does parathyroid produce?
parathormone
how many parathyroid glands are there?
4
where are the adrenals located?
atop of each kidney
aka for adrenals?
suprarenal glands
what does the medulla of adrenals secrete?
epinephrine & NE
what does the cortex of adrenals secrete?
steroid hormones
glucocorticoids- Sweet
mineral corticoids- salty
adrenocorticoids- sex
location of pancreas? parts of pancreas?
epigastric & left hypochondriac
head- concavity of doudenum
uncinate process- deept to sup. mesenteric vessels
body- behind stomach
tail- left end of pancreas- contacts the spleen
what does the pancreas produce?
Head- Enzymes: amylase, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidaselipase, trypsin (ancinar cells)
Tail- Hormones: insulin by BETA cells; Glucagon by ALPHA cells (islets of langerhans)
difference between endocrine & exocrine glands?
Exocrine have DUCTS
Endocrine are DUCTLESS
where is the pineal gland located? produces?
AKA pineal body or epiphysis cerebri
produces melatonin
what is “Brain sand”?
calcification of pineal gland
where is the thymus located? function?
L: ant. sup. mediastinum
F: T-lymphocytes to recognize self (matures T-lymphocytes)
purpose of outer cortex of thymus?
packed with maturing T cells
what would you find in the inner medulla of thymus?
degenerative thymic corpuscles (hassals bodies)
