SPECIMEN COLLECTION TO ADENOVIRIDAE Flashcards
[?], from the [?]
Taken at the [?]
RIGHT SPECIMEN; RIGHT SITE
RIGHT TIME
Stored and transported [?]
IMMEDIATELY
To ensure [?]
accurate laboratory results and prevent contamination.
: most crucial procedure
Pre – analytical
Store specimen at [?]
4C
Transportation that will take days at [?]
-70C
SPECIMENS
• Urine
• Throat Swab/Throat Washings
• Blood; Plasma
• Rectal swab
• Biopsy material
• Skin scrapings
• CSF
• Vesicle fluid
• Autopsy tissue
Respiratory Infection
Nasal or throat swabs, postnasal washings
Gastrointestinal Infection
Feces
Vesicular Rash
Vesicular fluid
Hepatitis
Serum, feces
CNS
CSF, throat swab, feces
AIDS
Unclotted blood
VIRAL GROUP
Respiratory Tract
Mouth or Gastrointestinal Tract
Skin
Respiratory Tract
• Adenoviridae
• Herpesviridae
• Poxviridae
• Picornaviridae
• Togaviridae
• Orthomyxovirid ae
Mouth or Gastrointestinal Tract
• Adenoviridae
• Herpesviridae
• Picornaviridae
• Reoviridae
• Flaviviridae
Skin: A. Mild Trauma
• Papovaviridae
• Herpesviridae
• Poxviridae
Skin: B. Injection
• Herpesviridae
• Hepadnaviridae
• Retropiridae
Skin: C. Bites
• Togaviridae
• Rhabdoviridae
• Flaviviridae
THREE APPROACHES
Direct detection of virus
Virus Isolation (Indirect detection)
Serology (Detection of Antibodies)
• Electron Microscopy
Direct detection of virus
• Light Microscopy “Inclusion Bodies”
Direct detection of virus
• Antigen detection tests
Direct detection of virus
• Molecular methods: PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) & Nucleic Acid Probes
Direct detection of virus
• Animal inoculation Inoculation of eggs
Virus Isolation (Indirect detection)
• In vitro Cell Culture
Virus Isolation (Indirect detection)
microscopic examination for viral inclusions
CYTOLOGY/HISTOLOGY
less sensitive than culture
CYTOLOGY/HISTOLOGY
helpful for viruses that are difficult to grow
CYTOLOGY/HISTOLOGY
Cytology:
herpes simplex, varicella zoster
Histology:
adenivirus, cytomegalovirus, measles, papilloma virus, parvovirus, rabies (infects the brain)
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Advantages
• Economical running costs?
• Detects ?
• Adaptable for the confirmation of ?
• ? required for result; results available the same day (fastest)
• Specific ?
cost
unculturable viruses
cytopathic effect
Short length of time
antiviral chemotherapy
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Disadvantages
• Requires ?
• Poor ?
• Large ?
skilled staff
sensitivity
capital outlay
Examples of viruses seen: gastroenteritis
o Calici virus
o Corona virus
o Enteric virus
o Adeno virus
o Norwalk
Examples of viruses seen: encephalitis
o John Cunningham (JC) virus
o Herpes Simplex Virus
o Measles
TYPES OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
IMMUNOFLUO RESCENT MICROSCOPY Examples:
Adenovirus, CMV, herpes simplex 1 and 2, influenza virus
antiviral antibodies are used to stain viral antigens in specimen and cultures
IMMUNOFLUO RESCENT MICROSCOPY
Black background
IMMUNOFLUO RESCENT MICROSCOPY
usually solid-phase and membrane Elisa are used
ENZYME IMMUNOASSA Y (EIA)
the basic test consists of antibodies bonded to enzymes, the enzymes remain able to catalyze a reaction yielding a visible discernible end product while attached to antibodies
ENZYME IMMUNOASSA Y (EIA)
ENZYME IMMUNOASSA Y (EIA)
Examples:
enteric adenovirus, rotavirus, RSV
Notes :
• Sample : Stool
• Collecting specimens, have to poke or collect in 3 different sites (e.g. left, right)
• Right amount is placed in a solution → shake → place in a cartridge → results in 10 to 20 mins
ENZYME IMMUNOASSA Y (EIA)
baby hamster kidney cell culture with Bgalactosidase gene that is expressed when cells are infected with the virus
ENZYME LINKED VIRUS INDUCIBLE SYSTEM (ELVIS)
ENZYME LINKED VIRUS INDUCIBLE SYSTEM (ELVIS)
Example:
Herpes simplex 1 and 2
different viruses grow on different cell lines
CONVENTIONAL CELL CULTURE
growth takes about 1 - 28 days
CONVENTIONAL CELL CULTURE