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MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY > SPECIMEN COLLECTION TO ADENOVIRIDAE > Flashcards

SPECIMEN COLLECTION TO ADENOVIRIDAE Flashcards

1
Q

[?], from the [?]
Taken at the [?]

A

RIGHT SPECIMEN; RIGHT SITE

RIGHT TIME

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2
Q

Stored and transported [?]

A

IMMEDIATELY

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3
Q

To ensure [?]

A

accurate laboratory results and prevent contamination.

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4
Q

: most crucial procedure

A

Pre – analytical

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5
Q

Store specimen at [?]

A

4C

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6
Q

Transportation that will take days at [?]

A

-70C

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7
Q

SPECIMENS

A

• Urine
• Throat Swab/Throat Washings
• Blood; Plasma
• Rectal swab
• Biopsy material
• Skin scrapings
• CSF
• Vesicle fluid
• Autopsy tissue

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8
Q

Respiratory Infection

A

Nasal or throat swabs, postnasal washings

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9
Q

Gastrointestinal Infection

A

Feces

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10
Q

Vesicular Rash

A

Vesicular fluid

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11
Q

Hepatitis

A

Serum, feces

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12
Q

CNS

A

CSF, throat swab, feces

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13
Q

AIDS

A

Unclotted blood

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14
Q

VIRAL GROUP

A

Respiratory Tract
Mouth or Gastrointestinal Tract
Skin

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15
Q

Respiratory Tract

A

• Adenoviridae
• Herpesviridae
• Poxviridae
• Picornaviridae
• Togaviridae
• Orthomyxovirid ae

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16
Q

Mouth or Gastrointestinal Tract

A

• Adenoviridae
• Herpesviridae
• Picornaviridae
• Reoviridae
• Flaviviridae

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17
Q

Skin: A. Mild Trauma

A

• Papovaviridae
• Herpesviridae
• Poxviridae

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18
Q

Skin: B. Injection

A

• Herpesviridae
• Hepadnaviridae
• Retropiridae

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19
Q

Skin: C. Bites

A

• Togaviridae
• Rhabdoviridae
• Flaviviridae

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20
Q

THREE APPROACHES

A

Direct detection of virus
Virus Isolation (Indirect detection)
Serology (Detection of Antibodies)

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21
Q

• Electron Microscopy

A

Direct detection of virus

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22
Q

• Light Microscopy “Inclusion Bodies”

A

Direct detection of virus

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23
Q

• Antigen detection tests

A

Direct detection of virus

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24
Q

• Molecular methods: PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) & Nucleic Acid Probes

A

Direct detection of virus

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25
Q

• Animal inoculation Inoculation of eggs

A

Virus Isolation (Indirect detection)

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26
Q

• In vitro Cell Culture

A

Virus Isolation (Indirect detection)

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27
Q

microscopic examination for viral inclusions

A

CYTOLOGY/HISTOLOGY

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28
Q

less sensitive than culture

A

CYTOLOGY/HISTOLOGY

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29
Q

helpful for viruses that are difficult to grow

A

CYTOLOGY/HISTOLOGY

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30
Q

Cytology:

A

herpes simplex, varicella zoster

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31
Q

Histology:

A

adenivirus, cytomegalovirus, measles, papilloma virus, parvovirus, rabies (infects the brain)

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32
Q

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Advantages

• Economical running costs?
• Detects ?
• Adaptable for the confirmation of ?
• ? required for result; results available the same day (fastest)
• Specific ?

A

cost

unculturable viruses

cytopathic effect

Short length of time

antiviral chemotherapy

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33
Q

ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Disadvantages

• Requires ?
• Poor ?
• Large ?

A

skilled staff

sensitivity

capital outlay

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34
Q

Examples of viruses seen: gastroenteritis

A

o Calici virus
o Corona virus
o Enteric virus
o Adeno virus
o Norwalk

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35
Q

Examples of viruses seen: encephalitis

A

o John Cunningham (JC) virus
o Herpes Simplex Virus
o Measles

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36
Q

TYPES OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

A
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37
Q

IMMUNOFLUO RESCENT MICROSCOPY Examples:

A

Adenovirus, CMV, herpes simplex 1 and 2, influenza virus

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38
Q

antiviral antibodies are used to stain viral antigens in specimen and cultures

A

IMMUNOFLUO RESCENT MICROSCOPY

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39
Q

Black background

A

IMMUNOFLUO RESCENT MICROSCOPY

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40
Q

usually solid-phase and membrane Elisa are used

A

ENZYME IMMUNOASSA Y (EIA)

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41
Q

the basic test consists of antibodies bonded to enzymes, the enzymes remain able to catalyze a reaction yielding a visible discernible end product while attached to antibodies

A

ENZYME IMMUNOASSA Y (EIA)

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42
Q

ENZYME IMMUNOASSA Y (EIA)
Examples:

A

enteric adenovirus, rotavirus, RSV

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43
Q

Notes :
• Sample : Stool
• Collecting specimens, have to poke or collect in 3 different sites (e.g. left, right)
• Right amount is placed in a solution → shake → place in a cartridge → results in 10 to 20 mins

A

ENZYME IMMUNOASSA Y (EIA)

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44
Q

baby hamster kidney cell culture with Bgalactosidase gene that is expressed when cells are infected with the virus

A

ENZYME LINKED VIRUS INDUCIBLE SYSTEM (ELVIS)

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45
Q

ENZYME LINKED VIRUS INDUCIBLE SYSTEM (ELVIS)
Example:

A

Herpes simplex 1 and 2

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46
Q

different viruses grow on different cell lines

A

CONVENTIONAL CELL CULTURE

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47
Q

growth takes about 1 - 28 days

A

CONVENTIONAL CELL CULTURE

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48
Q

microscopically examined for cytopathic effects (CPE)

A

CONVENTIONAL CELL CULTURE

49
Q

Cell rounding, granulation, clumping, vacuolation

A

cytopathic effects (CPE)

50
Q

Giant multinucleated cells formation: Herpes simplex virus, Tzanck smear

A

cytopathic effects (CPE)

51
Q

Cell fusion, lysis, flux, inclusion bodies

A

cytopathic effects (CPE)

52
Q

confirmed with immunofluorescent stains

A

CONVENTIONAL CELL CULTURE

53
Q

CONVENTIONAL CELL CULTURE
Examples:

A

Adenovirus, CMV, enteroviruses, RSV

54
Q

THREE BASIC TYPES OF CELL CULTURES

55
Q

made by dispersing cell (usually with trypsin) from freshly removed host tissues

A

PRIMARY CELL LINE

56
Q

Unable to grow for more than a few passages in culture

A

PRIMARY CELL LINE

57
Q

PRIMARY CELL LINE Example :

A

Primary Monkey Kidney

58
Q

that have undergone a change that allows their limited culture (range from 50 up to 100 passages/generations) but that retain their normal chromosome pattern

A

DIPLOID CELL LINE

59
Q

DIPLOID CELL LINE Example :

A

Human diploid fibroblast and Human diploid vaccine for Lassa virus/Rabies

60
Q

cultures capable of more prolonged growth (“immortal”) that have been derived from diploid cell lines or from malignant tissues

A

CONTINUOUS CELL LINE

61
Q

INTRACYTOPLASMIC INCLUSION BODIES

62
Q

INTRANUCLEAR INCLUSION BODIES

63
Q

BOTH INTRACYTOPLASMIC AND INTRANUCLEAR

64
Q

NEGRI BODIES

A

Rabies virus

65
Q

MOLLUSCUM BODIES

A

Molluscum contagiosum virus

66
Q

GUARNIERI BODIES

A

Vaccinia virus

67
Q

OWL’S EYE INCLUSION BODIES

A

Cytomegalovirus

68
Q

COWDRY TYPE A BODIES

69
Q

COWDRY TYPE B BODIES

A

Polio virus

70
Q

TORRES BODIES

A

Yellow Fever Virus

71
Q

WARTHIN-FINKELDEY BODIES

A

Measles virus

72
Q

• Grow via conventional cell culture (Cytomegalovirus and Varicella zoster virus)

A

SHELL VIAL CULTURE

73
Q

• Advantage: Rapid, within 1-2 days

A

SHELL VIAL CULTURE

74
Q

• Direct test, latex coated with antibodies, rapid and inexpensive

A

LATEX AGGLUTINATION

75
Q

• Example: Rotavirus

A

LATEX AGGLUTINATION

76
Q

• Used in IS
• Agglutination = (+)

A

LATEX AGGLUTINATION

77
Q

• Limited commercial availability

A

POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)

78
Q

• Enterovirus in CSF

A

POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)

79
Q

• Most common: used during the pandemic (confirmatory test for + result)

A

POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)

80
Q

• Specific IgG assays are good indications of prior infections

A

SEROLOGICAL TEST

81
Q

• IgM assays are good indicators of recent or recent infections

A

SEROLOGICAL TEST

82
Q

• Allow retrospective diagnosis if no acute clinical samples are available

A

SEROLOGICAL TEST

83
Q

• Rapid

A

SEROLOGICAL TEST

84
Q

• May be automated

A

SEROLOGICAL TEST

85
Q

• Allows diagnosis if uncultured viruses are involved

A

SEROLOGICAL TEST

86
Q

• Can make use of noninvasive clinical samples such as urine saliva

A

SEROLOGICAL TEST

87
Q

• CF test is usually insensitive

A

SEROLOGICAL TEST

88
Q

• Cross-reactivity of antibodies is a source of false positive results v Insensitive for congenital infections

A

SEROLOGICAL TEST

89
Q

• Not appropriate for immunocompromised patients

A

SEROLOGICAL TEST

90
Q

SEROLOGICAL TEST Example : in Isolating the virus

A

Antigen detection test by Immunofluorescence
Complement fixation
Hemagglutination inhibition
Enzyme immunoassay

91
Q

DETECTED IN SERUM ONLY

A

SEROLOGICAL TEST

92
Q

Useful in evaluating immune status or diagnosing viral infections where culture is difficult or impossible

A

SEROLOGICAL TEST

93
Q

SEROLOGICAL TEST Example virus :

A

Arbo virus
Cytomegalovirus
Epstein- Barr virus
Hepatitis
Herpes simplex
Measles
Rubella
Varicella zoster virus

94
Q

Adenoviridae

A

a. Human Adenovirus

95
Q

• Hepadnaviridae

A

a. Hepatitis B Virus

96
Q

• Herpes viridae

A

a. Herpes Simplex Virus 1
b. Herpes Simplex Virus 2
c. Varicella-Zoster Virus
d. Cytomegalovirus
e. Epstein-Barr Virus
f. Human Herpes Virus 6,7 and 8

97
Q

• Papovaviridae

A

a. Human Papilloma Virus
b. JC and BK Polyoma Virus

98
Q

• Parvoviridae

A

a. Parvovirus B-19

99
Q

• Poxviridae

A

a. Variola
b. Vaccina
c. Orf
d. Molluscum contagiosum

100
Q

• Double-stranded (except)

A

Parvoviridae

101
Q

• Icosahedral (except)

A

Poxviridae

102
Q

• Replication in the nucleus (except)

A

Poxviridae

103
Q

• Naked:

A

Papoviridae, Parvoviridae, Adenoviridae

104
Q

• Enveloped:

A

Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Hepadnaviridae

105
Q

subspecie

A

Human Adenovirus

106
Q

over 80 species with about 40 are pathogenic to man

A

Human Adenovirus

107
Q

70-90 nm

A

Human Adenovirus

108
Q

Isolated from humans and animals

A

Human Adenovirus

109
Q

produces cytopathic changes

A

ADENOVIRIDAE

110
Q

rounding, enlargement and aggregation

A

ADENOVIRIDAE

111
Q

Diseases

A

• Acute Febrile Pharyngitis: common in young children
• Pharyngeal-conjunctival Fever
• Eye infections
• Pneumonia and gastroenteritis

112
Q
  • Common in newborn, immunosuppressed and military men
A

Eye infections

113
Q

No ab produced

A

ADENOVIRIDAE

114
Q

Cytotoxic T-cells kill infected cell early

A

ADENOVIRIDAE

115
Q

Common to children below 6 y/o

A

ADENOVIRIDAE

116
Q

Predominant in cold climate
flu-like symptoms; not fatal

A

ADENOVIRIDAE

117
Q

ADENOVIRIDAE SAMPLE COLLECTION

A

throat swab, eye samples, stool

118
Q

ADENOVIRIDAE DIAGNOSIS

A

cell culture, serologic test and control

119
Q

ADENOVIRIDAE CONTROL

A

vaccine; Anti-flu vaccine

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY (24 decks)

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