DNA VIRUSES Flashcards
Icosahedral shaped; enveloped; 90-100 nm
HERPES VIRIDAE
Produce latent infection
HERPES VIRIDAE
(specific infectious agent without any manifest symptom; remains inactive in the body with no symptoms)
latent infection
: latency in nerve cells; HSV 1 & 2, VZV
Neurotropic
: latency in lymphocytes (associated with cancer); EBV, CMV
Lymphotropic
Reactivation may result from physiological stress
HERPES VIRIDAE
When reactivated, symptoms are usually milder than primary infection except shingles which is the reactivation of VZV
HERPES VIRIDAE
characteristic lesions
HERPES VIRIDAE
: scraping of an ulcer base to look for Tzanck cells
Tzanck Test
(multinucleated giant cells) - most commonly seen in microscope
Tzanck cells
commonly infects skin and mucous membranes
(HSV, VZV)
internal infection
(CMV, EBV)
produces intranuclear inclusions and multinucleated giant cells
HERPES VIRIDAE
• used to treat infections caused by certain viruses
Acyclovir
• treats cold sores around the mouth, shingles, and chicken pox
Acyclovir
Non-enveloped
Icosahedral
PAPOVIRIDAE
22-26 nm
PARVOVIRIDAE
only DNA virus pathogenic to man with a single stranded genome
PARVOVIRIDAE
smallest icosahedral DNA virus
PARVOVIRIDAE
endemic zoonotic infection
PARVOVIRIDAE
replicate entirely within the cytoplasm
POXVIRIDAE
MOT POXVIRIDAE
Inhalation
POXVIRIDAE CONTROL
Vaccination
220-450 nm (largest DNA)
POXVIRIDAE
RNA, naked virion
HEPATITIS A
24-30 nm
HEPATITIS A
Family Picornaviridae
HEPATITIS A
Mortality rate: 1%
HEPATITIS A
Fatality rate: 30%
VARIOLA MAJOR
Fatality rate: 1%
VARIOLA MINOR
DNA, envelope
HEPATITIS B
42-47 nm
HEPATITIS B
dane particles (complete Hepatitis B virus)
HEPATITIS B
Family Hepadnaviridae
HEPATITIS B
Only DNA virus amongst Hepadnaviridae
HEPATITIS B
Contains RNA and has a lipid envelope
HEPATITIS C
Family: Flaviviridae (under RNA viruses)
HEPATITIS C
Most common cause of Non-A and Non-B Hepatitis
HEPATITIS C
Common worldwide
HEPATITIS C
No vaccine for Hepatitis C
HEPATITIS C
Contains RNA, naked virus
HEPATITIS D
35-37 nm
HEPATITIS D
“D”
Delta virus
RNA, 32-34 nm
HEPATITIS E
most common cause of Hepatitis in countries with poor sanitation
HEPATITIS E
RNA and has an envelope
HEPATITIS G
Common worldwide but not pathogenic
HEPATITIS G
fecal-oral route, contaminated shellfish
HAV
Mnemonic for Hepatitis with fecal oral route: TAE-
Hepatitis A and E
contaminated blood products, needle sticks, tattoos, body piercing, intravenous drug abuse, and renal dialysis
HBV
Can also be sexually transmitted
HBV
contaminated blood products, organ transplants (most common reason for liver transplant in the US), renal dialysis, and intravenous drug abuse
HCV
(most common reason for liver transplant in the US)
organ transplants
: where an individual acquires both HDV and HBV at the same time
Co-infection
: when a patient with an HBV infection is exposed to HDV
Superinfection
Superinfection IS
more severe than co-infection because it might lead to liver failure
fecal-oral route (often in contaminated water
HEV
contact with blood, sexually transmitted, mother to children
HGV
HAV Incubation period:
15-40 days
Jaundice, nausea, anorexia, malaise
HAV
HBV Incubation period: (longest incubation period, followed by Hepa C, then Hepa A)
50-180 days
HCV Incubation period: (2nd long incubation Hepatitis B)
2 to25 weeks
HBV Acute infections:
produce symptoms resembling HAV infections
HBV Chronic infections:
cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
HCV Acute HCV:
mild or asymptomatic
Chronic HCV:
chronic hepatitis (cirrhosis)
HAV DIAGNOSIS
Alanine aminotransferase and serologic test (use of serological markers)
HBV DIAGNOSIS
clinical symptoms (fever, headache, malaise, jaundice) and
elevated liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, AST and GGT); serology
HCV DIAGNOSIS
Elevated liver enzymes (ALP, ALT, AST and GGT)
Serologic indicators (anti-HCV and HCV antigen)
Nucleic amplification specific for acid (NAT)
: RNA sequencinG; also used for the detection of Coronavirus and HIV
Nucleic amplification specific for acid (NAT)
HAV SEROLOGICA L INDICATORS
Anti-HAV IgM (+): acute infection
Anti-HAV IgG (+) and anti-HAV (-): infection
: acute infection
Anti-HAV IgM (+)
: pus infection
Anti-HAV IgG (+) and anti-HAV (-)
HBV SEROLOGICA L INDICATORS
: first marker to be positive but will become negative as patient recovers;
HBsAg
In chronic infection it will remain positive
HBsAg
Presence of [?] indicates that the patient is infectious
HBsAg
HBeAg
: indicates recovery or immunity after HBV vaccination and antibody is generally present for life
Anti-Hbs
: acute infection
HBcAg
As anti-Hbs is forming, the level of HBsAg is.
decreasing
During this transition, there is a point where both markers are undetectable –
HBcAg:
HBcAg: The only indicator is
AntiHbC IgM
Core window or core period HBeAg: positive in acute and chronic stages
HBcA
Presence of this marker indicates that the patient is infectious
HBcAg
: associated with a good prognosis
Anti-Hbe
Hepatitis
HBV
Inflammatory condition of the liver
HBV
Manifested by jaundice
HBV
May be asymptomatic●
HBV
With carrier state
HBV
May be chronic and may lead to cirrhosis
HBV
HAV CONTROL
vaccination
HBV CONTROL
screening of blood; vaccine (All healthcare workers are recommended for Hepatitis B vaccine)
Mild case: mild fever and general malaise
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1
Gingivostomatitis- seen in children and young adults
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1
Recurrent oral-labial infection aka
cold sores/ fever blisters
Infection of the cornea aka
keratitis
Herpes encephalitis
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1
Causative agent of genital herpes
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2
Meningitis encephalitis
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2
Infant infection (during childbirth)
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2
severe eye infections CNS damage
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2
Common STD
HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2
● Primary (common childhood; infection during more severe when acquired during adulthood)
VARICELLA/CHICKEN POX
MOT: respiratory aerosols from vesicular skin lesions of infected individuals
VARICELLA/CHICKEN POX
Symptoms: rash and fever
VARICELLA/CHICKEN POX
VARICELLA/CHICKEN POX Incubation Period:
1-2 weeks
Reactivation of VZV (common in elderly)
ZOSTER/SHINGLES
Characteristics: skin vesicles, often on one side of the body, and severe pain around the skin lesions
ZOSTER/SHINGLES
Complications: CNS disorder, eye problems, and facial paralysis
ZOSTER/SHINGLES
Diagnosis: clinical symptoms
ZOSTER/SHINGLES
Asymptomatic infection
CMV
Jaundice
Hepatosplenomegaly
CNS disorder
Fever hepatitis syndrome
CMV
Fever hepatitis syndrome (can be acquired by neonate and transplant patient)
CMV
Interstitial Pneumonia (can be acquired by immunocompromised patient)
CMV
Aka disease” “kissers DISEASE
EBV
● Infectious mononucleosis
● Burkitt lymphoma
EBV
● Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
EBV
● Hodgkin disease
EBV
SYMPTOMS: Fever, malaise pharyngitis
EBV
(Roseolavirus/Sixth disease)
HHV6
Acquired through respiratory secretions
Childhood disease characterized by fever, rash and sore throat
