ARENAVIRIDAE, ASTROVIRIDAE, CORONAVIRIDAE Flashcards
1
Q
• Enveloped
A
ARENAVIRIDAE
2
Q
• Irregular-shaped capsid
A
ARENAVIRIDAE
3
Q
• 2 circular segments
A
ARENAVIRIDAE
4
Q
• single-stranded RNA genome
A
ARENAVIRIDAE
5
Q
• measures 50 -300 nm
A
ARENAVIRIDAE
6
Q
• Virion is non -enveloped
A
ARENAVIRIDAE
7
Q
• Resistant to lipid solvents and trypsin
A
ARENAVIRIDAE
8
Q
• Contain single stranded, positive sense RNA
A
ASTROVIRIDAE
9
Q
• Single stranded
A
CORONAVIRIDAE
10
Q
• Enveloped with helical capsid
A
CORONAVIRIDAE
11
Q
• Envelope forms a crown-like
A
CORONAVIRIDAE
12
Q
• Halo around the capsid
A
CORONAVIRIDAE
13
Q
● Electron microscope: sandy and granular
A
ARENAVIRIDAE
14
Q
● Electron microscope: star-shaped polyhedral capsid
A
ASTROVIRIDAE
15
Q
● largest genome among RNA viruses
A
CORONAVIRIDAE
16
Q
● Electron microscopy: distinctive club shaped projections on their surface
A
CORONAVIRIDAE
17
Q
● bite of infected mice and rats (urine, saliva, dropping)
A
ARENAVIRIDAE
18
Q
2 Categories of Arenaviruses
A
- New World Arenaviruses
- Old World Arenaviruses
19
Q
: Western Hemisphere - North and South America
A
- New World Arenaviruses
20
Q
: a severe or fatal hemorrhagic fever found in Bolivia
A
- New World Arenaviruses - Chapare virus
21
Q
: found in Venezuela
A
- New World Arenaviruses - Guanarito virus
22
Q
: Eastern Hemisphere - Africa, Europe, and Asia
A
- Old World Arenaviruses
23
Q
: can cause mild to severe disease; West Africa
A
- Old World Arenaviruses - Lassa fever
24
Q
: fatal hemorrhagic fever; Southern Africa
A
- Old World Arenaviruses - Lujo
25
: both the Western and Eastern Hemisphere
2. Old World Arenaviruses - LCMV
26
● major cause of diarrhea in the young, elederly, and immunocompromised patient
ASTROVIRIDAE
27
● first discovered in 1975, the human astrovirus type (HAstV-1)
ASTROVIRIDAE
28
● has expanded to include two more human clades and numerous mammalian and avian-specifc genotypes.
ASTROVIRIDAE
29
asymptomatic
ARENAVIRIDAE
30
fever
ARENAVIRIDAE
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prostration
ARENAVIRIDAE
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headache and vomiting
ARENAVIRIDAE
33
meningitis
ARENAVIRIDAE
34
hemorrhagic fever
ARENAVIRIDAE
35
ubiquitous in children
ASTROVIRIDAE
36
minority of childhood diarrheas
ASTROVIRIDAE
37
mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment.
CORONAVIRIDAE
38
Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness
CORONAVIRIDAE
39
15% of coldlike infections in adults
CORONAVIRIDAE
40
higher seroconversion rates have been seen in children
CORONAVIRIDAE
41
few CoVs are responsible for a small percentage of pediatric diarrhea cases
CORONAVIRIDAE
42
: colds and pneumonia in adults
Human respiratory coronaviruses
43
: 55% of the common colds
rhinoviruses and coronaviruses
44
cause diarrhea in infants
CORONAVIRIDAE
45
Loss of taste
CORONAVIRIDAE
46
Muscle aches
CORONAVIRIDAE
47
Covid toes
CORONAVIRIDAE
48
Rashes
CORONAVIRIDAE
49
Vomiting
CORONAVIRIDAE
50
Loss of smell
CORONAVIRIDAE
51
Chills
CORONAVIRIDAE
52
common to hamster pets
a. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
53
does not cause meningitis but flu-like symptoms
a. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
54
MOT: inhalation of aerosols, ingestion of contaminated food
a. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)
55
in West Africa
b. Lassa fever virus
56
causes hemorrhagic fever
b. Lassa fever virus
57
common in rodent populations
b. Lassa fever virus
58
common vector: multimammate rat
b. Lassa fever virus
59
bleeding under the skin and internal organs, not fatal
b. Lassa fever virus
60
MOT: body fluids
b. Lassa fever virus
61
Gastroenteritis: causes diarrhea without vomiting; common to children
ASTROVIRIDAE
62
● Osmotic diarrhea: inflammatory infiltrates in the lamina propria and the intestinal villus atrophy
ASTROVIRIDAE
63
● infection in older adults or the very young
ASTROVIRIDAE
64
Second most common cause of colds (rhinovirus)
Coronavirus
65
Replicates best at 33°C
Coronavirus
66
May also cause gastroenteritis
Coronavirus
67
Diseases are mild
Coronavirus
68
CDC: four main subgroupings of coronaviruses –
alpha, beta, gamma, and delta
69
were first identified in the mid1960s.
Human coronaviruses
70
The seven coronaviruses that can infect people are
71
Common human coronaviruses:
1. 229E (alpha coronavirus)
2. NL63 (alpha coronavirus)
3. OC43 (beta coronavirus)
4. HKU1 (beta coronavirus)
72
(alpha coronavirus)
1. 229E
73
(alpha coronavirus)
2. NL63
74
(beta coronavirus)
3. OC43
75
(beta coronavirus)
4. HKU1
76
Other human coronaviruses
6. MERS-CoV (the beta coronavirus that causes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, or MERS)
7. SARS-CoV (the beta coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS)
8. SARS-CoV-2 (the novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19)
77
(the beta coronavirus that causes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, or MERS)
6. MERS-CoV
78
(the beta coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS)
7. SARS-CoV
79
(the novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19)
8. SARS-CoV-2
80
Serology
Infection of humans with any adenovirus type stimulates a rise in complement-fixing antibodies to adenovirus group antigens shared by all types.
ARENAVIRIDAE
81
Complement Fixation test
ARENAVIRIDAE
82
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays: in tissue samples or body fluids, usually by using primers from a conserved viral sequence (e.g. hexon, VA I) that can detect all serotypes.
ARENAVIRIDAE
83
Screening is not routinely used for Astroviridae.
ASTROVIRIDAE
84
Electron microscopy: most useful for detecting gastroenteritis viruses
ASTROVIRIDAE
85
Antigen and Nucleic Acid Detection: ELISA
CORONAVIRIDAE
86
RT-PCR: respiratory secretions and stool samples
CORONAVIRIDAE
87
Electron microscopy: stool samples
CORONAVIRIDAE
88
Western blot
CORONAVIRIDAE
89
A fourfold or greater rise in complementfixing antibody titer between acute-phase and convalescent-phase sera indicates recent infection with an adenovirus, though it gives no clue about the specific type involved.
ARENAVIRIDAE
90
Serologic diagnosis of infections with strain 229E is possible using a passive hemagglutination test in which red cells coated with coronavirus antigen are agglutinated by antibody-containing sera.
CORONAVIRIDAE
91
IgG levels were significantly correlated with neutralizing antibody levels with a wide range of responses.
CORONAVIRIDAE
92
Persistently elevated IgM levels are associated with chronic symptoms.
CORONAVIRIDAE
93
IgG levels are significantly higher in positive older patients than younger patients.
CORONAVIRIDAE
94
rodent control
ARENAVIRIDAE
95
Ribavirin
ARENAVIRIDAE
96
good hygiene
ASTROVIRIDAE
97
water purification
ASTROVIRIDAE
98
sewage treatment
ASTROVIRIDAE
99
practice respiratory etiquette (coughing in a flexed elbow)
CORONAVIRIDAE
100
slow down transmission
CORONAVIRIDAE
101
hand sanitation
CORONAVIRIDAE
102
use of protective barrier
CORONAVIRIDAE
103
vaccines
CORONAVIRIDAE
