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MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY > ARENAVIRIDAE, ASTROVIRIDAE, CORONAVIRIDAE > Flashcards

ARENAVIRIDAE, ASTROVIRIDAE, CORONAVIRIDAE Flashcards

1
Q

• Enveloped

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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2
Q

• Irregular-shaped capsid

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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3
Q

• 2 circular segments

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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4
Q

• single-stranded RNA genome

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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5
Q

• measures 50 -300 nm

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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6
Q

• Virion is non -enveloped

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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7
Q

• Resistant to lipid solvents and trypsin

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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8
Q

• Contain single stranded, positive sense RNA

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

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9
Q

• Single stranded

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

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10
Q

• Enveloped with helical capsid

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

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11
Q

• Envelope forms a crown-like

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

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12
Q

• Halo around the capsid

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

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13
Q

● Electron microscope: sandy and granular

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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14
Q

● Electron microscope: star-shaped polyhedral capsid

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

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15
Q

● largest genome among RNA viruses

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

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16
Q

● Electron microscopy: distinctive club shaped projections on their surface

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

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17
Q

● bite of infected mice and rats (urine, saliva, dropping)

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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18
Q

2 Categories of Arenaviruses

A
  1. New World Arenaviruses
  2. Old World Arenaviruses
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19
Q

: Western Hemisphere - North and South America

A
  1. New World Arenaviruses
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20
Q

: a severe or fatal hemorrhagic fever found in Bolivia

A
  1. New World Arenaviruses - Chapare virus
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21
Q

: found in Venezuela

A
  1. New World Arenaviruses - Guanarito virus
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22
Q

: Eastern Hemisphere - Africa, Europe, and Asia

A
  1. Old World Arenaviruses
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23
Q

: can cause mild to severe disease; West Africa

A
  1. Old World Arenaviruses - Lassa fever
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24
Q

: fatal hemorrhagic fever; Southern Africa

A
  1. Old World Arenaviruses - Lujo
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25
Q

: both the Western and Eastern Hemisphere

A
  1. Old World Arenaviruses - LCMV
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26
Q

● major cause of diarrhea in the young, elederly, and immunocompromised patient

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

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27
Q

● first discovered in 1975, the human astrovirus type (HAstV-1)

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

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28
Q

● has expanded to include two more human clades and numerous mammalian and avian-specifc genotypes.

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

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29
Q

asymptomatic

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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30
Q

fever

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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31
Q

prostration

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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32
Q

headache and vomiting

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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33
Q

meningitis

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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34
Q

hemorrhagic fever

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

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35
Q

ubiquitous in children

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

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36
Q

minority of childhood diarrheas

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

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37
Q

mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special treatment.

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

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38
Q

Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

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39
Q

15% of coldlike infections in adults

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

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40
Q

higher seroconversion rates have been seen in children

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

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41
Q

few CoVs are responsible for a small percentage of pediatric diarrhea cases

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

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42
Q

: colds and pneumonia in adults

A

Human respiratory coronaviruses

43
Q

: 55% of the common colds

A

rhinoviruses and coronaviruses

44
Q

cause diarrhea in infants

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

45
Q

Loss of taste

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

46
Q

Muscle aches

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

47
Q

Covid toes

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

48
Q

Rashes

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

49
Q

Vomiting

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

50
Q

Loss of smell

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

51
Q

Chills

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

52
Q

common to hamster pets

A

a. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)

53
Q

does not cause meningitis but flu-like symptoms

A

a. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)

54
Q

MOT: inhalation of aerosols, ingestion of contaminated food

A

a. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)

55
Q

in West Africa

A

b. Lassa fever virus

56
Q

causes hemorrhagic fever

A

b. Lassa fever virus

57
Q

common in rodent populations

A

b. Lassa fever virus

58
Q

common vector: multimammate rat

A

b. Lassa fever virus

59
Q

bleeding under the skin and internal organs, not fatal

A

b. Lassa fever virus

60
Q

MOT: body fluids

A

b. Lassa fever virus

61
Q

Gastroenteritis: causes diarrhea without vomiting; common to children

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

62
Q

● Osmotic diarrhea: inflammatory infiltrates in the lamina propria and the intestinal villus atrophy

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

63
Q

● infection in older adults or the very young

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

64
Q

Second most common cause of colds (rhinovirus)

A

Coronavirus

65
Q

Replicates best at 33°C

A

Coronavirus

66
Q

May also cause gastroenteritis

A

Coronavirus

67
Q

Diseases are mild

A

Coronavirus

68
Q

CDC: four main subgroupings of coronaviruses –

A

alpha, beta, gamma, and delta

69
Q

were first identified in the mid1960s.

A

Human coronaviruses

70
Q

The seven coronaviruses that can infect people are

71
Q

Common human coronaviruses:

A
  1. 229E (alpha coronavirus)
  2. NL63 (alpha coronavirus)
  3. OC43 (beta coronavirus)
  4. HKU1 (beta coronavirus)
72
Q

(alpha coronavirus)

73
Q

(alpha coronavirus)

74
Q

(beta coronavirus)

75
Q

(beta coronavirus)

76
Q

Other human coronaviruses

A
  1. MERS-CoV (the beta coronavirus that causes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, or MERS)
  2. SARS-CoV (the beta coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS)
  3. SARS-CoV-2 (the novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19)
77
Q

(the beta coronavirus that causes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, or MERS)

78
Q

(the beta coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS)

79
Q

(the novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19)

A
  1. SARS-CoV-2
80
Q

Serology

Infection of humans with any adenovirus type stimulates a rise in complement-fixing antibodies to adenovirus group antigens shared by all types.

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

81
Q

Complement Fixation test

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

82
Q

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays: in tissue samples or body fluids, usually by using primers from a conserved viral sequence (e.g. hexon, VA I) that can detect all serotypes.

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

83
Q

Screening is not routinely used for Astroviridae.

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

84
Q

Electron microscopy: most useful for detecting gastroenteritis viruses

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

85
Q

Antigen and Nucleic Acid Detection: ELISA

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

86
Q

RT-PCR: respiratory secretions and stool samples

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

87
Q

Electron microscopy: stool samples

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

88
Q

Western blot

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

89
Q

A fourfold or greater rise in complementfixing antibody titer between acute-phase and convalescent-phase sera indicates recent infection with an adenovirus, though it gives no clue about the specific type involved.

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

90
Q

Serologic diagnosis of infections with strain 229E is possible using a passive hemagglutination test in which red cells coated with coronavirus antigen are agglutinated by antibody-containing sera.

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

91
Q

IgG levels were significantly correlated with neutralizing antibody levels with a wide range of responses.

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

92
Q

Persistently elevated IgM levels are associated with chronic symptoms.

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

93
Q

IgG levels are significantly higher in positive older patients than younger patients.

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

94
Q

rodent control

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

95
Q

Ribavirin

A

ARENAVIRIDAE

96
Q

good hygiene

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

97
Q

water purification

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

98
Q

sewage treatment

A

ASTROVIRIDAE

99
Q

practice respiratory etiquette (coughing in a flexed elbow)

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

100
Q

slow down transmission

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

101
Q

hand sanitation

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

102
Q

use of protective barrier

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

103
Q

vaccines

A

CORONAVIRIDAE

MYCOLOGY AND VIROLOGY (24 decks)

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